LAGOPUS. 199 
quills, secondaries, and outermost wing-coverts white; lower 
parts varying from ochraceous to buffy whitish, coarsely and 
irregularly barred with black. Young: Above coarsely and 
irregularly varied with black and ochraceous-buff, the latter 
mostly on or near margins of feathers; chest, breast, and sides 
ochraceous-buff, coarsely barred with black ; other lower parts 
dull white. Downy young: General color olive-buff, tinged with 
sulphur-yellow on lower parts, and with rusty on chest and 
upper parts; crown chestnut, bordered all round by a black 
line, which is continued from occiput down hind-neck in a 
broad stripe; two more or less distinct blackish stripes on 
rump, and other upper parts irregularly varied, more or less, 
with black; a black streak on side of head (most distinct and 
continuous behind eye). Eggs 1.69 x 1.22, ground-color varying 
from pale buffy to deep brown, more or less speckled, sprinkled, 
spotted, or marbled with rich brown or black. Hab. Northern 
portions of northern hemisphere; south, in winter, in America, 
to Sitka, northern New York (accidental), ete. 
301. L. lagopus (Liny.). Willow Ptarmigan. 
c. Shafts of secondaries black, and quills (sometimes a few of the wing- 
coverts also) more or less blotched or mottled with dusky. (Sum- 
mer plumages and young unknown.) Hab. Newfoundland. 
301a. L. lagopus alleni Srzgn. Allen’s Ptarmigan. 
6%. Bill small and slender (depth at base less than 40); length 13.00-14.75, 
wing about 7.00-7.50, bill from nostril about .35, depth at base about 
.27-.35 ; winter plumage with lores deep black in male (sometimes in 
female also). 
ec. Summer males with upper parts coarsely vermiculated, the back and 
scapulars with large black blotches (occupying central portions of 
feathers). 
d', Ground-color of upper parts in summer males grayish brown. 
e. Summer male: Above grayish brown coarsely vermiculated 
with black, the vermiculations having a general tendency 
to form irregular zigzag bars; scapulars and interscapulars 
largely black centrally, producing large blotches or irregu- 
lar spots; outermost wing-coverts, quills, and secondaries 
(except tertials) white; top of head blackish, the feathers 
tipped with light brownish; lores black; rest of head 
mixed dusky and white, the latter predominating on 
cheeks, chin, and throat; chest and upper breast regularly 
barred with blackish and light umber-brown ; sides simi- 
larly marked, but bars finer and more confused; rest of 
lower parts white, the lower tail-coverts with concealed 
portion dusky, or sooty slate. Summer female: Bright 
ochraceous, irregularly spotted and barred above with 
