920 NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 
Genus PSEUDOGRYPHUS Ripeway. (Page 219, pl. LXIV., fig. 4.) 
Species. 
Adult: Dull black, the outer webs of greater wing-coverts and secondaries 
hoary grayish, the former tipped and the latter edged with white; axillars and 
under wing-coverts pure white; bill whitish or pale yellowish, and naked skin of 
head and neck yellowish or orange in life. Young: Similar to adult, but feathers 
of upper parts more distinctly bordered with brownish (producing a squamate ap- 
pearance), the outer webs of greater wing-coverts and secondaries dusky, and with- 
out any white on axillars or under wing-coverts; bill and naked skin of head and 
neck dusky, the latter more or less covered with soft sooty grayish down. Downy 
young: Dull white, the naked skin of head and neck dull yellow. ength 44.00- 
55.00 inches, extent 83 to nearly 11 feet, weight 20 to 25 pounds, wing 30.00-35.00 
inches, tail 15.00-18.00, culmen 1.50, tarsus 4.40-5.00, middle toe 4.00-4.50. Nest a 
cavity or recess among rocks or a hollow in stump, log, or tree-trunk. Hggs 1-2, 
4.46 X 2.48, elongate-ovate, plain pale dull grayish green or dull greenish white. 
Hab. Pacific coast of United States, north to the Columbia; southern Utah? (Now 
much reduced in numbers, and extinct in many localities where formerly abun- 
an bs) ccwdanweneesie sure avevenianen 324. P. californianus (SHaw). California Vulture. 
Genus CATHARTES Itiicer. (Page 219, pl. LX., fig. 2; pl. LXIV., figs. 6, 8.) 
Species. 
Common Cuaracters.—General color black, uniform on lower parts (sometimes 
on upper parts also); bill white, and naked skin of head reddish or yellowish in 
adult, both dusky in young. 
a’. Upper portion of neck, all round, naked; wing 20.00, or more. 
b. Plumage of upper parts grayish brown, the feathers glossy blackish cen- 
trally, the secondaries edged with grayish or whitish; naked skin of 
head (in adult) livid crimson in life. 
Adult: Neck and lower parts uniform dull black; upper parts black- 
ish, with a greenish and violet gloss, the feathers of the back, the 
scapulars, and wing-coverts with margins broadly (but not abruptly) 
light grayish brown; edge of secondaries light grayish brown, vary- 
ing to light ashy ; shafts of quills and tail-feathers pale brown, vary- 
ing to yellowish white ; bill chalk-white; iris grayish brown; naked 
skin of head and upper neck (in life) dull livid crimson, brightening 
to lake-red on cere, the lores and top of head sometimes with whitish 
wart-like papilla. Young: Similar to adult, but bill blackish, and 
naked skin of head and neck livid dusky, and the brownish margins 
to wing-coverts, etc., less distinct. Downy young: Covered with 
pure white cottony down, the head, however, naked, and sallow 
dusky. Length 26.00-32.00, extent about 6 feet, wing 20.00-23.00 
