CATHARISTA. 221 
inches, tail 11.00-12.00, culmen 1.00, tarsus 2.25-2.30, middle toe 
2.50. Nest a cavity among rocks or in hollow of a log, stump, 
or tree-trunk, without additional material. Eggs 2, 2.83 x 1.93, 
ovate or broadly elliptical ovate, white, buffy white, or greenish 
white, more or less spotted or blotched with rich brown (madder or 
burnt-umber) and purplish gray. Hab. Nearly the whole of temper- 
ate and tropical America, including West Indies; south to Falkland 
Islands and Patagonia, north, more or less regularly, to southern 
New England, New York, the Saskatchewan, and British Columbia. 
325. C. aura (Liny.). Turkey Vulture. 
bs. Plumage of upper parts entirely uniform dull black; naked skin of head 
and upper neck of adult yellow in life. 
Wing 20.00, tail 12.00, culmen .82, tarsus 2.50, middle toe 2.40. Hab. 
Amazonian region of South America (Guiana to eastern Peru). 
C. pernigra (SHARPE). Amazonian Turkey Vulture.! 
a*, Upper part of hind-neck feathered quite to the occiput; wing less than 20.00. 
Adult: Entirely uniform black (as in C. pernigra), the shafts of the quills 
white; “bill and cere reddish white; crown and lower side of head pale 
violet or sky-blue ; side of head, neck, and throat beautiful gray-orange;” 
iris red; bill white. Jmmature: “Iris blackish gray; head in very 
young birds reddish gray, whitish on crown and over the eye; neck 
bluish, subsequent to which the head becomes reddish violet, with a 
whitish blue patch on the occipital region.” (GuRNEY.) Downy young: 
“The down is light rufous; the bill, the lower part of the face, and the 
cheeks, are black; the rest of the head light rufous washed with brown; 
the iris chocolate; the feet flesh-color, with blackish scales.”? Length 
about 22.00-25.00, wing 18.00-18.50, tail 8.50-9.00, culmen .80-.90, tar- 
sus 2.10-2.40, middle toe 2.15-2.25. Hab. Hastern tropical America 
(except West Indies), from Brazil to eastern Mexico (Vera Cruz); 
southern Texas? 
C. burrovianus Cass. Burroughs’s Turkey Vulture.’ 
Genus CATHARISTA Vietttor. (Page 219, pl. LXIV.,, fig. 7.) 
Species. 
Adult: Entire plumage uniform dull black, the quills grayish basally (hoary 
whitish on under surface), their shafts pure white; bill dusky with yellowish or 
whitish tip; naked skin of head and fore-neck dusky. Young: Not obviously 
1 @nops pernigra SHARPE, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. i. 1874, 26. Cathartes pernigra Rivew., Bull. Nutt. Orn. 
Club, v. 1880, 83. 
2 Professor A. Dugés, of Guanajuato, Mexico, in letter. I refer somewhat doubtfully the bird which he de- 
scribes to C. burrovianus, for the reason that it certainly is not C. aura nor Catharista atrata, and no other 
species besides these and C. burrovianus is known to inhabit Mexico. Drawings sent by Professor Dugés, rep- 
resenting both the bird under consideration and the corresponding stage of Catharista atrata, show conclusively 
that it is a true Cathartes. 7 
3 Cathartes burrovianus Cass., Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., ii. 1845, 212, 
