CEOPHLQUS. 289 
wing (male) 4.70-5.05 (4.88), tail 3.10-3.50 (3.28), culmen 1.00-1.08 
(1.03). Higgs .92 X .69. Hab. Pacific coast district, south to Fort 
Tejon, California, north to southern Alaska. 
403. S. ruber (GmEL.). Red-breasted Sapsucker. 
a’. Rump plain white; belly bright sulphur-yellow or lemon-yellow (except in 
young); sexes extremely dissimilar in plumage. 
Adult male: General color glossy black (with blue gloss, except on wings 
and tail), relieved by two white stripes on side of head, a large white 
patch covering middle and greater wing-coverts, and small white spots 
on quills; throat with a median stripe of bright red. Young male: 
Similar to adult, but black duller and everywhere without gloss, belly 
whitish, or very faintly yellowish, and throat-stripe white. Adult 
female: Head nearly uniform light brown, the throat sometimes (but 
rarely) with a red stripe ; sides, flanks, and upper parts regularly barred 
with black and white; no white patch on wing-coverts; chest usually 
with more or less of a black patch. Young female: Similar to adult, but 
markings less sharply defined, colors duller, the belly whitish, and chest 
without black patch. Length 9.00-9.75, wing 5.25-5.50, tail 3.80-3.90, 
culmen 1.00-1.20. Eggs .95 x .68. Hab. Western United States, from 
(and including) Rocky Mountains to Pacific coast. 
404. S. thyroideus (Cass.). Williamson’s Sapsucker. 
Genus CEOPHLGEUS Casanis. (Page 280, pl. LXXXIV., fig. 2.) 
Species. 
Common CHaracters.—General color dull brownish black, or dark sooty slate, 
the under wing-coverts, throat, and one or more stripes on side of head (including 
one down side of neck) whitish; male with whole top of head, including occipi- 
tal crest, and a broad malar stripe, bright red; female with only the crest red, the 
forehead, crown, and malar stripe being brownish or dusky. 
a. No white scapular stripe; lower parts uniform dusky, the flanks usually indis- 
tinctly barred with whitish; wing 8.90, or more. 
Adult male: Uniform dull dusky slate, varying to sooty blackish, the chin 
and throat, two stripes on side of head, one on side of neck, under 
wing-coverts, and basal half of quills, white, more or less, especially on 
hidden portions, tinged with sulphur-yellow ; whole top of head, including 
occipital crest, and a broad malar stripe, bright red. Adult female: Sim- 
ilar to the male, but malar stripe, forehead, and crown brownish gray 
or grayish brown, Length about 15.15-19.00, extent of wings 25.00- 
29.25, wing 8.90-10.00, tail 6.60-7.40, culmen 2.10-2.65. Hggs 1.28 x .95. 
Hab. Whole of North America, in heavily-wooded districts. 
405. C. pileatus (Linn.). Pileated Woodpecker. 
a’, A white scapular stripe; lower parts, posterior to breast, barred with blackish 
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