290 NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 
and pale fulvous, or brownish white; wing less than 7.50. Hab. Central 
America and Mexico, north to Mirador and Mazatlan, south to Costa Rica. 
C. scapularis (Vie.). Delattre’s Woodpecker. 
Genus MELANERPES Swainson. (Page 280, pl. LXXXV., figs. 1-3.) 
Species. 
a, Back, scapulars, and wing-coverts plain glossy blackish (grayish, indistinctly 
barred with dusky in young of MM. erythrocephalus). 
b. Lower parts, rump, and upper tail-coverts white; plumage of neck and 
lower parts soft, blended; wing less than 6.00. (Subgenus Melanerpes.) 
c. Adult male: Whole head, neck, and chest uniform rich crimson, bordered 
below, against white of breast, by black (this sometimes concealed) ; 
wing-coverts, back, and scapulars glossy blue-black; lower back, 
rump, upper tail-coverts, lower parts, and whole exposed portion of 
secondaries uniform pure white, the belly usually tinged with orange 
or reddish. Adult female: Similar to the male, but with inner secon- 
daries more or less spotted, in transverse series, with black, and black 
collar between white of breast and crimson of chest more conspicu- 
ous. Young: Head, neck, and chest brownish gray, streaked with 
dusky ; secondaries crossed near ends by one or more black bands; 
wing-coverts, scapulars, and back dull grayish, barred with dusky. 
Length about 9.25-9.75, wing 5.30-5.70, tail 3.60-3.75. Higgs .99 xX 
16. Hab. Eastern United States, west to Rocky Mountains (occa- 
sionally still farther westward) ; rare or casual east of Hudson River. 
406. M. erythrocephalus (Linn.). Red-headed Woodpecker. 
ce’, Adult male: Upper parts in general, ear-coverts, and broad band across 
chest, glossy greenish blue-black; feathers round base of bill, 
including chin and upper part of throat, dull black; lower paris 
generally, rump, tail-coverts, patch on base of primaries, forehead, 
and thence to lower part of throat, white, the last more or less 
tinged with sulphur-yellow (sometimes brightly of this color); 
crown and occiput crimson-red. Adult female: Similar to the male, 
but fore-part of crown glossy blue-black. Young: Similar to adults, 
with same sexual difference in color of crown, but colors duller. 
d', Width of white or yellow frontal patch and black crown-patch 
in female together decidedly greater than width (longitudi- 
nally) of red occipital patch ; white or yellow frontal band not 
less than .30 wide; wing averaging decidedly more than 5.50. 
é. Greater part, or whole, of chest streaked with white; wing 
5.30-5.90 (5.54), tail 3.10-3.60 (8.42), culmen, 1.10-1.22 
(1.16). Hab. Central America and Southeastern Mexico, 
1 Picus scapularis Via., Zool. Jour. iv. 1828-29, 354, 
