TYRANNUS. 329 
orange-colored patch in middle of crown; wing-coverts and upper 
tail-coverts without rusty or buffy margins. Young: No crown- 
patch ; wing-coverts and upper tail-coverts more or less distinctly 
bordered with pale rusty, ochraceous, or buffy. Length about 8.90- 
9.80, wing 4.45-4.80, tail 3.50-4.05, bill from nostril .75-.82. Nest on 
horizontal branches of (usually small) trees, loosely constructed of 
twigs, roots, etc., with little if any lining. Eggs usually 3, 1.02 x 
.73, deep cream-color or pinkish buff, spotted or dashed (or both) 
with madder-brown and purplish gray. Hab. West Indies and 
coasts of Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico, north to Florida, 
Georgia, and South Carolina; accidental in Massachusetts. 
445. T. dominicensis (GmE..). Gray Kingbird. 
a, Lower parts yellow, the throat and chest grayish or whitish. 
b'. Bill excessively stout, all its outlines convex, its depth at base .38, or more, 
width .53, or more. 
Above olive-gray, wings and tail browner, head darker; crown-patch 
lemon-yellow; chin and throat white, chest more ashy, rest of 
under parts sulphur-yellow ; wing 5.00-5.50, tail 4.00-4.50, bill from 
nostril .75-.81, depth at base .38-.43, width .53-.60. Hab. Mexico, 
north to Orizaba and Mazatlan. 
T. crassirostris Swans. Thick-billed Kingbird.! 
b’, Bill much less stout, its outlines straight, depth at base less than .38, width 
less than .53. 
ce’. Tail decidedly emarginate; length of bill from nostril nearly or quite 
equal to length of tarsus. 
Adult male: Head, neck, chest, and back light ash-gray, the last 
tinged with olive-greenish; wings and tail dusky brownish 
gray, with paler brownish gray edgings; lower parts, in- 
cluding breast, rich lemon-yellow (the breast tinged with 
olive), the chin and throat grayish white. Adult female: 
Similar to male, but rather smaller, with tail less deeply 
emarginate, orange-red crown-spot more restricted, and quills 
less conspicuously narrowed at tips. Young: Similar to adult, 
but no colored crown-patch, wing-coverts bordered with pale 
buffy, and yellow of lower parts paler. Length about 9.00- 
10.00, wing 4.40-5.00, tail 3.75-4.40, bill from nostril .60-.75. 
Nest on trees, composed of small twigs, fine roots, etc., and 
lined with the latter, together with “the black hair-like heart 
of the Spanish moss.” (Sennztt.) Eggs 4, 96.73, buff, 
spotted with rich brown, chiefly round larger end. Hab. Mex- 
ico and Guatemala, north to southern border of United States 
(southern Texas to Arizona). 
446. T. melancholicus couchi (Barrp). Couch’s Kingbird. 
1 Tyrannus crasstrostris SwArns., Quar, Jour. Sci., xx. 1826, 278. 
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