330 
NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 
ce. Tail even; length of bill from nostril much less than length of tarsus. 
d', Head, neck, and breast light ash-gray, paler on chin and throat ; 
wings dusky, with indistinct paler edgings; tail deep black, 
the lateral feathers with outer webs abruptly white. Adulé 
male: Longer quills with tips contracted into lengthened nar- 
row points, Adult female: Similar to male, but tips of longer 
quills less distinctly attenuated, and orange-red crown-spot more 
restricted. Young: similar to adult, but colors paler and duller, 
the wing-coverts bordered with pale buffy, yellow of belly, etc., 
much paler, and colored crown-spot wanting. Length 8.00- 
9.50, wing 4.75-5.25, tail 3.65-4.00, bill from nostril .50-.55. 
Nest and eggs like those of T. tyrannus, the latter averaging 
.93 X .69. Hab. Western North America, east across Great 
Plains (accidentally to Maryland, New Jersey, New York, 
Maine, etc.), south, in winter, through western Mexico to 
Guatemala......... 447. T. verticalis Say. Arkansas Kingbird. 
d@. Head, neck, and breast dark ash-gray or plumbeous, the chin and 
fore-part of malar region abruptly whitish ; wings light brown- 
ish gray, with broad paler edgings; tail dull black, indistinctly 
tipped with pale brownish gray, the lateral feathers with outer 
webs indistinctly pale grayish. Young: Similar to adult, but 
colors much duller, the wing-coverts bordered with pale fulvous 
or rusty buff, yellow of belly, etc., paler and duller, and colored 
crown-patch wanting. Length about 8.75-9.00, wing 5.00-5.40, 
tail 3.70-4.20, bill from nostril .55-.60. Vest and eggs not es- 
sentially different from those of T. tyrannus and T. verticalis. 
Hab. Mexico and Guatemala, north to along eastern base of 
Rocky Mountains to southern Wyoming, and coast district of 
southern California to about lat. 37°; south to Costa Rica. 
448. T. vociferans Swains. Cassin’s Kingbird. 
Genus PITANGUS Swainson. (Page 326, pl. XCIL., fig. 3.) 
Species. 
a‘, Forehead, superciliary stripe, and band across nape white; crown with a large 
partially concealed patch of bright lemon- or gamboge-yellow; back, scap- 
ulars, and rump plain light olive-brown; outer webs of greater wing- 
coverts, secondaries, primaries, and tail-feathers, broadly edged with rufous, 
the inner webs of quills and tail-feathers almost entirely of this color; lores 
and ear-coverts deep black, producing a conspicuous broad stripe along side 
of head; chin, throat, and malar region pure white; rest of lower parts, in- 
cluding under wing-coverts, continuous deep sulphur- or pale lemon-yellow; 
length about 10.00-11.00, wing 4.90-5.10, tail 3.90-4.00, exposed culmen 1.15- 
1.25, tarsus 1.05. Mest very bulky, dome- or oven-shaped, with entrance on 
one side, composed of coarse straws, lichens, etc., lined with finer materials, 
