346 NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 
ings, though lores and orbits are more or less distinctly paler. Young with wing- 
bands ochraceous or pale rusty, and lower parts more buffy whitish. 
a’. Smaller and browner, with lower parts more tinged with sulphur-yellowish, 
the bill smaller and more slender; length about 4.50, wing 2.10-2.15 (2.12), 
tail 1.70-1.95 (1.84), culmen .39-.40 (.40), exposed culmen .28-.30 (.30), depth 
of bill at base .13-.14, tarsus .55-.60 (.57). Hab. Central America and eastern 
Mexico, north to lower Rio Grande Valley in Texas. 
472. O. imberbe (Sct.). Beardless Flycatcher. 
a’. Larger and grayer, with little if any sulphur-yellow tinge to grayish white 
lower parts, the bill larger and thicker; length 4.30-4.80 (4.50), wing 2.04 
2.28 (2.18), tail 1.78-2.04 (1.89), culmen .40—.42 (.41), exposed culmen .30-.35 
(.32), depth of bill at base .14-.15, tarsus .52-.58 (.56). Hab. Western Mexico, 
north to southern Arizona, south to Mazatlan. 
472a. O. imberbe ridgwayi Brewsr. Ridgway’s Flycatcher. 
Famity ALAUDIDAL.—Tue Larxs. (Page 321.) 
Genera. 
a, A spurious primary ; tail deeply emarginate; crown with a blunt erectile crest 
of soft, normal feathers; plumage of adult mainly dull brownish, much 
streaked above and below.......ccccccesscessececesceeseeseees Alauda. (Page 346.) 
a’, No spurious primary; tail even or slightly rounded; crown without crest, but 
on each side of occiput an erectile, narrow, horn-like tuft of lengthened 
black feathers; plumage of adult with plain brownish or vinaceous tints pre- 
vailing above, the lower parts mainly plain white, the head and chest with 
bold black markings (less conspicuous in females)... Otocoris. (Page 347.) 
Genus ALAUDA Linnaus. (Page 346, pl. XCVLI., fig. 1.) 
Species. 
Common CHaAractErs.—Adults: Above light brownish, everywhere streaked 
with black, most broadly on back; wings dusky, the feathers with pale brownish 
edges and borders; lower parts and superciliary stripe whitish, the chest pale 
brownish or tawny buff, distinctly streaked with brownish black; sides and flanks 
also tinged with pale tawny, and usually more or less distinctly, but narrowly, . 
streaked with deeper brownish or dusky; ear-coverts light brownish or tawny, 
becoming darker (sometimes blackish) along upper margin; outer tail-feathers 
white, with more or less of dusky along edge of inner web, especially toward base. 
In winter, the plumage generally more tawny, and feathers of crown, back, etc., 
with more or less distinct whitish terminal margins. Young: More tawny than 
winter adults, with more conspicuous white terminal margins to feathers of upper 
parts, which instead of having a mesial blackish streak are marked with a sub- 
terminal spot of dark brown; tertials light tawny brownish, widely bordered with 
