OTOCORIS. 347 
pale dull buffy, surrounding a narrow submargin of dark brown; chest ochra- 
ceous-buffy, indistinctly streaked or spotted with bright tawny brownish. Vest on 
ground in meadows or open grassy places. Hggs 3-6, dull buffy whitish, pale 
grayish brown, etc., thickly speckled or sprinkled with umber-brown, the latter 
color sometimes nearly uniform. 
a, Duller or grayer in color, the upper parts, chest, etc., with tawny tinge less 
pronounced, black spots or streaks on back averaging narrower, and bill 
shorter ; length about 7.00-7.75, wing 4.35-4.60, tail 2.90-3.10, exposed cul- 
men .45-.50, tarsus .90-1.00. Eggs .88 x .66. Hab. Europe and portions of 
Asia and Africa; accidental in Greenland and Bermudas, and introduced, 
though not successfully naturalized, in eastern United States (Long Island, 
near Cincinnati, etc.)...........eseeeeeeeeee ees 473. A. arvensis Linn. Skylark. 
a’. Brighter or more tawny in color, black spots on back averaging larger, and bill 
longer; length 6.80-7.80 (7.30), wing 4.25-4.70, tail 2.85-3.00, exposed cul- 
men .43-.52, tarsus .95-1.10. Hab. Commander Islands, Kamtschatka, Kurils, 
and northern Japan; western Aleutians (?). 
A. blakistoni Stzyn. Kamtschatkan Skylark.! 
Genus OTOCORIS Bonaparte. (Page 346, pl. XCVI,, fig. 2.) 
Species. 
Common CHaracters.—Adult males in spring and summer: Above varying from 
vinaceous-gray to tawny cinnamon, the back and scapulars grayer or browner, and 
more or less distinctly streaked with darker; a broad patch covering fore-part and 
sides of crown, lores, patch beneath eye (covering also anterior and lower portion 
of ear-coverts), and patch across chest, uniform black; bar or band across forehead 
and extending backward as a broad superciliary stripe, middle portion of ear- 
coverts, malar region, chin, throat, and sides of neck, varying from pure white to 
deep primrose-yellow, the hinder portion of ear-coverts more or less distinctly gray- 
ish; sides (especially of breast) vinaceous or cinnamon, like nape, etc., the flanks 
usually somewhat streaked; rest of lower parts usually white, but sometimes (in 
O. giraudi and O. strigata) partly or even wholly pale yellow; wings (except lesser 
and middle coverts) grayish brown, the feathers edged with paler; tail (except 
middle feathers) black, the outer web of exterior feather chiefly white, and that of 
next feather edged, toward tip, with same. Adult males in fall and winter : Essen- 
tially like the foregoing, but black markings of head more or less obscured by 
light-colored tips to feathers, the plumage generally softer and colors more blended, 
the chest often streaked, clouded, or washed with grayish. Adult females: Similar 
to males, but decidedly smaller, with black head-markings much less distinct (that 
on top of head never well defined or continuous), the bold pattern of these mark- 
ings as seen in the male seldom more than merely indicated ; vinaceous or cinnamon 
tints of males much less pronounced (sometimes almost wholly wanting), and 
plumage generally more extensively streaked. ‘(Seasonal differences as in males.) 
1 Alaudu blakistoni Sresx., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. ii. Apr. 10, 1884, 98. 
