CORVUS. 261 
locality). Eygs 2-7, pale bluish green, pale olive, or olive, spotted or dashed (or 
both) with olive-brown (sometimes nearly uniform olive, from density of 
markings). 
a’, Feathers of throat lanceolate, distinct from one another. (Ravens.) (Nest usually 
among rocks.) 
b'. Feathers of neck dull gray at base; nasal tufts covering not more than 
basal half of upper mandible ; exposed culmen 2.40, or more, wing more 
than 15.00. 
c. Third quill equal to or longer than fifth. 
a’, Bill relatively shorter and higher, lanceolate feathers of throat 
less developed, more purplish in color, and plumage usually 
less lustrous; wing 16.75-18.00 (17.25), tail 9.40-10.00 (9.60), 
exposed culmen 2.65-3.00 (2.81), depth of bill through nostril 
1.05-1.12 (1.08), tarsus 2.78-2.95 (2.86). Hab. Europe and parts 
of Asia. ; C. corax Linn, Raven. 
@. Bill relatively longer and shallower, lanceolate feathers of throat 
larger, more violet or bluish, and plumage usually more 
lustrous. 
e'. With smaller or slenderer bill, the tarsus more slender, with 
less of upper portion concealed by feathering of lower 
part of thighs; length about 21.50-26.00, wing 15.10-18.00 
(16.87), tail 9.00-11.00 (9.86), exposed culmen 2.40-3.05 
(2.80), depth of bill through nostril .82-1.05 (.94), tarsus 
2.60-3.00 (2.78). Hygs 1.95 x 1.29. Hab. Western United 
States, and south to Guatemala. 
486. C. corax sinuatus (WaGL.). Mexican Raven. 
e’. With larger or stouter bill, tarsus shorter and stouter, with 
more of upper portion concealed by feathering of lower 
part of thighs; length about 22.00-26.50, wing 16.50-18.00 
(16.99), tail 9.20-10.50 (9.86), exposed culmen 2.65-3.45 
(3.03), depth of bill at nostrils .95-1.12 (1.04), tarsus 2.50- 
2.80 (2.65). Eggs 1.95 x 1.36. Hab. Northern North 
America, from Greenland to Alaska, south to British Co- 
lumbia, northern Michigan, Canada, New Brunswick, etc.? 
486a. C. corax principalis Ripcw. Northern Raven. 
e. Third quill decidedly shorter than fifth. 
Otherwise like C. corax principalis, but still larger; wing 16.75- 
18.10 (17.44), tail 10.00-10.85 (10.49), exposed culmen 3.00-3.40 
1 Corvus corax Linn., S. N. ed. 10, i. 1758, 105, 
2 From lack of specimens, I am unable to determine which form Ravens from the eastern United States 
belong to. 
iNew subspecies, for which there is unfortunately no older name available. Corvus carnivorus BARTR. and C. 
lugubris Acass. are purely nomina nuda ; C. corax var. littoralis Hous. (1843) is preoccupied (C. littoralis Bren, 
1831); while @. vociferus Cazot, quoted by Covzs and others as a synonyme of C. coraz, is in reality Psilorhinus 
mexicanus Rtpp., and is described from Yucatan. 
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