362 NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 
(8.20), depth of bill at nostrils 1.05—1.10 (1.08), tarsus 2.60-2.85 
(2.75). Hab. Commander Islands, Kamtschatka. (Probably 
also westernmost Aleutians.) 
C. corax behringianus DyBowsxkI. Bering’s Raven. 
b% Feathers of neck, all round, pure white at base ; nasal tufts covering much 
more than basal half of upper mandible ; spepated culmen less than 2.40, 
wing less than 15.00. 
Length 18.75-21.00, wing 13.10-14.25 (13.67), tail 7.50-8.60 (8.10), 
exposed culmen 2.00-2.35 (2.15), depth of bill at base .85-.90 (.87), 
tarsus 2.20-2.50 (2.35). Hggs 1.74 < 1.19, with markings averaging 
finer and more longitudinal than in other species. Hab. Southwestern 
United States and table-lands of Mexico; north to Indian Territory, 
Kansas, Colorado, and southern California, south to Guanajuato and 
Puebla......... 487. C. cryptoleucus Coucu. White-necked Raven. 
a, Feathers of throat short, blended. (Crows.) (Nest usually in trees.) 
b'. Nostrils completely hidden by the fully-developed nasal tufts; corner of 
mouth feathered. 
c. Tarsus 2.15, or more; lower parts glossed with violet (on margins of 
feathers) like upper parts; wing averaging more than 11.%5, tail 
averaging more than 7.00. 
@', Larger, with relatively larger and thicker bill. 
e’. Wing and tail averaging longer, but bill and feet decidedly 
smaller; length 17.00-21.00, wing 11.90-13.25 (12.36), tail 
6.90-8.00 (7.43), exposed culmen 1.80-2.05 (1.92), depth of 
bill at base .72-.82 (.76), tarsus 2.20-2.40 (2.27). Hggs 1.69 
x 117. Hab. Eastern North America, except southern 
Florida and arctic districts. 
488. C. americanus Aup. American Crow. 
é. Wing and tail averaging shorter, but bill and feet decidedly 
larger; length about 20.00, wing 11.50-12.30 (12.15), tail 
7.00-7.70 (7.23), exposed culmen 2.00-2.20 (2.08), depth of 
bill at base .75-.85 (.80), tarsus 2.40-2.50 (2.45). Hab. 
Southern Florida. 
488a. C. americanus floridanus Bairp. Florida Crow. 
ad’. Smaller, with relatively smaller and more slender bill. 
Length about 18.50-19.25, wing 11.10-12.75 (11.95), tail 6.45- 
7.80 (7.10), exposed culmen 1.60-1.95 (1.78), depth of bill 
at base .62-.70 (.68), tarsus 2.15-2.40 (2.23). Hab. Western 
United States, north to Washington Territory (Puget 
Sound), Idaho, Montana, etc., south to northern Mexico, 
east to Rocky Mountains. 
—. C. americanus hesperis Ripaw. California Crow.’ 
1 Corvus corax behringianus DrBowsk. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1883, 363. 
2 New subspecies ; a very strongly characterized race which also differs markedly in habits and notes from 
the eastern bird. 
