ICTERUS. 373 
ce. Feathers of throat slenderly lanceolate; orbits naked. 
Adult (sexes alike): Head, neck, chest, back, scapulars, wings, 
and tail uniform black; middle and part of greater wing-cov- 
erts, and broad edgings to secondaries, white; rest of plumage, 
including lesser wing-coverts and broad collar across hind-neck, 
yellow or orange; length about 9.00-10.00, wing 4.10-5.00, tail 
3.80-4.30, culmen 1.25-1.50, tarsus 1.25-1.35. Hab. Caribbean 
coast of South America; West Indies (introduced ?); accidental 
at Charleston, South Carolina: 
502. I. icterus (Linn.). Troupial, 
c. Feathers of throat normal (short and blended); orbits feathered. 
@. Tail shorter than wing, graduated for less than length of culmen. 
Adult male: Head, neck, chest, breast, back, scapulars, 
greater wing-coverts, secondaries, primaries, and terminal 
(or subterminal) portion of tail (including nearly whole 
length of middle feathers) uniform deep black; tips of 
greater wing-coverts and tail-feathers (except middle pair), 
and narrow edgings to quills and secondaries (sometimes 
worn off), white; rest of plumage bright lemon-yellow 
(duller in younger birds), the middle wing-coverts fading 
into whitish at tips. Adult female: Above olive-greenish, 
the back and wings grayer, the first with more or less dis- 
tinct dusky shaft-streaks; middle and greater wing-coverts 
broadly tipped with white, forming two distinct bands; 
tail dull olive terminally and on middle feathers, the rest 
olive-yellow; lower parts entirely olive-yellow. Young 
male: Variously intermediate in plumage between the 
adult male and female, according to age. Young of year: 
Similar to adult female, “but with all the wing-feathers 
edged and tipped with white, the wing-bands yellowish, 
the tail tipped with yellow, the breast obscured by brown- 
ish, and the yellow of the under parts paler and greener.” 
(Brewer) Length about 7.70-8.50, wing 3.80-4.20, tail 
3.30-3.90, culmen .95-1.00, tarsus .90-.95. (Female ates 
aging smaller than male.) West pensile or semi-pensile, 
usually built in yuccas, composed of fibres of the yucca, 
dried grasses, etc., lined with softer materials. Eggs 2-4, 
.94 X .67, bluish white, speckled and finely pencilled round 
larger end with black, and faintly clouded with lilac-gray. 
Hab. Central Mexico, and north to southern border of 
United States Serer Texas to southern California) ; Lower 
California........ 504. I. parisorum Bonar. Scott's Oriole. 
d, Tail longer than wings graduated for much more than length of 
culmen. (Adult with head, upper neck, chest, wings, except 
lesser and middle coverts, and tail, black; rest of plumage. 
