376 NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 
f’. Adult male with breast, etc., intense orange-red, some- 
times almost scarlet. Hab. Yucatan. 
I. cucullatus igneus Ripaw. Fiery Oriole.’ 
é. Adult male with breast, etc., saffron-yellow, varying to gam- 
boge (never orange). Nest exceedingly variable in form 
and composition, but usually pensile or semipensile, and 
composed of grass-stems (often green) and various plant- 
fibres. Eggs 85 X .61, averaging with decidedly darker 
and heavier markings than those of true F. cucullatus. Hab. 
Western Mexico, north to Arizona, Lower California, and 
southern California.. 505a. I. cucullatus nelsoni Ripew. 
Arizona Hooded Oriole, 
¢, Tail shorter than wing (the latter less than 3.25), graduated for much 
less than length of tarsus; adult male chestnut and black. 
Adult male: Head, neck, middle of chest, back, scapulars, wings 
(except lesser and middle coverts), and tail deep black, the 
greater wing-coverts, quills, and secondaries edged; more or less 
distinctly, with pale chestnut or whitish; rest of plumage uni- 
form rich dark chestnut or bay, deepest on breast. Adult fe- 
male: Upper parts yellowish olive, much duller and grayer on 
back and scapulars; wings grayish dusky, with two white 
bands, all the feathers with paler brownish gray edgings; tail 
yellowish olive, like rump, etc.; lower parts entirely light olive- 
yellow. Young male, second year: Similar to adult female, but 
lores, chin, and throat black. (The chestnut and rest of the 
black appearing in patches, increasing in extent, during suc- 
cessive seasons.) Young of year: Similar to adult female, but 
suffused with brownish, especially on upper parts. Length 
6.00-7.25, wing 2.90-3.25, tail 2.65-3.20. Nest composed of 
green wiry grass-stems, interwoven into a firm basket-like 
structure usually supported between upright twigs near the 
extremity of a branch (but sometimes partly pendulous), lined 
with softer materials. Eggs 3-6, .81 x .57, pale bluish, bluish 
white, or greenish white, speckled and “ pen-lined” with brown 
and black, usually mixed more or less with lilac-gray. Hab, 
Eastern United States, west to Great Plains; south, in winter, 
through Middle America to Panama. 
506. I. spurius (Liny.). Orchard Oriole. 
a’. Depth of bill at base equal to half the length of the exposed culmen. (Sub- 
genus Yphantes VIEILLOT.) 
&. Wing usually not more than 3.80, tail not more than 3.15; adult male with 
whole head black, lesser wing-coverts wholly orange or yellow, white 
of wings confined to tips of greater coverts and narrow edgings of 
1 Ieterus cucullatua igneus Ripew., Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus, viii, April 20, 1885, 19. 
