380 
NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 
5.40 (5.29), tail 4.60-5.20 (4.93), graduation of tail 1.00-1.35 (1.10), 
exposed culmen 1.19~-1.30 (1.24), tarsus 1.35-1.47 (1.40). Eggs 1.20 
X .82. Hab. Florida (chiefly southern portion), and west along 
Gulf coast to Louisiana. 
51la. Q. quiscula aglzeeus (Barrp). Florida Grackle, 
b%. Plumage of body, above and below, perfectly uniform brassy olive or bronze, 
never with mixed tints, and always very abruptly defined against the 
color (steel-blue, violet, purple, or brassy green) of neck; wing-coverts 
never with mixed metallic tints; wings and tail always purplish or 
violet-purplish, never bluish. 
Length (male) about 12.00-13.50, wing 5.45-5.95 (5.65), tail 5.25-5.90 
(5.52), graduation of tail 1.15-1.60 (1.36), exposed culmen 1.12-1.26 
(1.17), tarsus 1.40-1.46 (1.44). Female: Length about 11.00-11.50, 
wing 5.00-5.05, tail 4.80-4.90. Eggs 1.14 x .82. Hab. Kastern North 
America, west of Alleghanies, including whole of New England 
(except coast of Long Island Sound); north to Hudson’s Bay, west 
to Rocky Mountains, south to Louisiana (?) and Texas; occasion- 
ally east of Alleghanies, from Virginia northward. 
5115. Q. quiscula zeneus (Ripew.). Bronzed Grackle? 
a. Tail decidedly longer than wing; adult males without varied metallic tints, the 
plumage being uniform glossy blue-black, or dark steel-blue, becoming grad- 
ually more purplish anteriorly, or greenish, changing anteriorly to blue; 
adult females exceedingly different from males, being very much smaller, the 
plumage dusky brownish above, light brownish beneath. Nest a very bulky 
structure of dried grasses, Spanish moss, etc., usually compacted together 
with an internal plastering or stiffening of mud, built in low trees, or bushes, 
in swampy situations. Hggs 3-5, ovate or conic-ovate, pale bluish or green- 
ish, pale drab, pale olive, dull purplish gray, ete., grotesquely lined with 
black and brown. (Subgenus Megaquiscalus Cassin.) 
&. Bill stouter (greatest depth at base of gonys more than .40 in male, .35, or 
more, in female), the tip decidedly decurved; adult females dull dusky 
brown above, the lower parts similar posteriorly, becoming paler an- 
teriorly ; no distinct superciliary stripe. 
c', Adult male with tail 8.30, or more. 
Adult male with metallic gloss violet over all anterior portions, 
including whole back, scapulars, lesser wing-coverts, and all of 
lower parts except flanks and under tail-coverts ; length 17.00- 
18.75, wing 7.35-8.00 (7.59), tail 8.30-9.35 (8.80), exposed cul- 
men 1.47-1.69 (1.60). Adult female: Above dusky brown, with 
a metallic greenish gloss, becoming more decidedly brown and 
less glossy on head and neck; superciliary stripe (sometimes 
indistinct) and lower parts dull fulvous-brown, becoming more 
buffy on chin and throat and dusky on flanks and under tail- 
1 With scarcely a doubt, a distinct species from Q. quiscula, 
