388 NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 
female; in others, the general plumage is that of the female, except that the 
olivaceous or tawny color on head, ete., is replaced by a more reddish tint (varying 
from light dull orange-red to deep madder-brown).] Nest a rather flat thin struc- 
ture, of fine rootlets, etc., in coniferous trees. Eggs greenish or bluish, spotted with 
brown and blackish. 
a‘, Smaller (wing not more than 4.30. and averaging less than 4.28), with relatively 
larger bill and shorter tarsi, and colors much duller, the females with 
plumage chiefly olivaceous. 
Length about 8.00-8.50, wing 4.20-4.30 (4.25), tail 3.60-3.70 (3.65), ex- 
posed culmen .55-.65 (.61), tarsus .80-.90 (.84). Hab. Northern Europe 
and Asia. 
P. enucleator (Linny.). Pine Grosbeak.} 
a’, Larger (wing very rarely less than 4.30, and averaging more than 4.40), with 
relatively smaller bill and longer tarsi, and colors much brighter, the females 
with plumage usually chiefly grayish. 
b.. Larger, with proportionally much smaller bill and longer tail; length 8.25- 
9.00, wing 4.50-5.00 (4.68), tail 3.70-4.45 (4.10), exposed culmen .53-.59 
(.56), tarsus .87-.92 (.90). Eggs 1.01.74, deep greenish blue or bluish 
green, rather sparingly spotted with dark brown and black. Hab. 
Northern North America in general, breeding from northern New Eng- 
land, Labrador, etc., to Alaska (except coast south of the peninsula), and 
south in higher Rocky Mountains to Utah and Colorado; in winter, 
south to northern United States. 
515. P. enucleator canadensis (Cas.). American Pine Grosbeak.’ 
b%. Smaller, with proportionally much larger bill and shorter tail; length about 
8.00-8.50, wing 4.25-4.60 (4.45), tail 3.60-3.80 (3.70), exposed culmen 
.57-.62 (.60), tarsus .88-.92 (.90). Hab. Kodiak to Sitka, Alaska. (Also 
probably southward to higher Sierra Nevada of California.) 
—. P. enucleator kodiaka Rivew. Kodiak Pine Grosbeak. 
Genus PYRRHULA Brisson. (Page 382, pl. CV., fig. 3.) 
Species. 
Adult male: Whole top of head, with feathers around base of bill, glossy blue- 
black ; hind-neck, back, scapulars, and lesser and middle wing-coverts uniform 
ash-gray; rump plain white; upper tail-coverts, tail, and tertials glossy blue-black, 
inclining to dark violaceous steel-blue; greater wing-coverts black, very broadly 
tipped with light ash-gray, passing into white terminally ; quills dull blackish ; 
1 Lowxia enucleator Linn., S. N. ed. 10, i. 1758, 171. Pinicola enucleator Can., Mus. Hein. i. 1851, 167. 
2 Pinicola canadensis CaB., Mus. Hein. i. Aug. 1851, 167. 
3 New subspecies. In Cabanis’s Journal fiir Ornithologie, 1880, page 156, Von Homeyer describes a Pinicola 
flammula from “northwestern America,” which may possibly be this form, though that it is more likely to be 
the ordinary Alaskan bird would appear from the statement that the tail is Jonger than the ordinary American 
bird, which is exactly the reverse of the Kodiak bird, It may be, however, that “longer” is an error, or slip 
of the pen, for “ shorter.” ‘ 
