CARPODACUS. 389 
sides of head, throat (but not chin), and rest of lower parts, except lower tail- 
coverts, uniform pale ash-gray, lighter on cheeks; lower tail-coverts and under 
wing-coverts white. Adult female: Similar to male, but lower parts and sides of 
head vinaceous-gray, or cinnamon-gray, instead of clear ash-gray. Length about 
6.50, wing 3.50-3.55, tail 3.00-3.25. Hab. Northern Alaska (Nulato) and portions 
OF SiDEL Bis: teecasssinscscssvedveerssiassenetes 516. P. cassini (Barrp). Cassin’s Bullfinch. 
Gznus CARPODACUS Kavpr. (Page 383, pl. CVL,, figs. 2, 3.) 
Species. 
Common Craracters.—Adult males with the plumage partly or chiefly red- 
dish ; adult females olivaceous or grayish above, streaked with darker, beneath 
whitish, conspicuously streaked with dusky or brownish gray. 
a’. Tail very much shorter than wing, deeply emarginated ; adult males with wing- 
feathers edged with reddish. Nest a rather flat, thin structure, composed of 
fine dry rootlets, grasses, etc., on horizontal branches of trees. Eggs 2-4, 
greenish blue or bluish green, finely speckled, chiefly on larger end, with 
black and dark brown. (Subgenus Carpodacus.) 
b'. Lower tail-coverts without distinct dusky streaks; depth of bill through 
base equal to or greater than length of gonys. Adult males: Above dark 
dull madder-pink, clearer on rump, deeper and brighter on top of head, 
the back more or less obscured by darker centres to feathers, and often 
(especially in winter) by grayish edgings; feathers of back streaked me- 
dially with dusky; lower parts, except belly and lower tail-coverts, 
dull madder-pink, the sides strongly tinged or washed with this color. 
Adult females: Above olivaceous, mixed with grayish, and streaked with 
darker; sides of head with two distinct brownish stripes, or patches, one 
covering ear-coverts, the other on each side of throat, the two sepa- 
rated by a whitish maxillary stripe; lower parts dull white, conspicu- 
ously streaked with dusky. Young: Similar to adult female, but colors 
duller, markings less distinct, and edgings of wing-feathers more buffy 
or tawny. 
c. First quill usually longer than fourth. Adulé male with sides and 
flanks usually not tinged with brown, and not distinctly streaked ; 
if streaked, the streaks usually narrow, and sharply defined; back 
more distinctly streaked, red of crown brighter, and that of rump 
paler and clearer. Adult female: Top of head and back distinctly 
streaked; streaks of lower parts broader, darker, and more sharply 
defined. Length 5.50-6.25, wing (males) 3.15-3.40 (8.27), tail 2.30- 
2.50 (2.40). Eggs .80 x .57. Hab. Eastern North America, breed- 
ing from northern United States northward. 
517. C. purpureus (GmEL.). Purple Finch. 
@. First quill usually shorter than fourth. Adult male with sides and flanks 
