394 NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 
@. Tarsus not more than .85 (usually much less), culmen not more 
than .50 (usually less), wing usually much less than 4.30, tail 
usually less than 3.00. 
e. General color deep cinnamon-brown. 
fi. Gray of hind-head strictly limited to that portion above 
the ear-coverts; length 5.75-6.85, wing 3.80-4.40 (4.1)), 
tail 2.75-3.30 (3.00), culmen .40-.50 (.46), tarsus .75- 
86 (.79). Hab. Breeding on higher mountains from 
Rocky Mountains of British America to Mt. Whitney, 
California; migrating in winter through Rocky Moun- 
tain district of United States to Colorado ; east, occasion- 
ally, to western Iowa..... 524. L. tephrocotis Swans. 
Gray-crowned Leucosticte. 
f?. Gray of hind-head spread more or less extensively below 
upper margin of ear-coverts, sometimes involving en- 
tire head, except the black frontal patch; length about 
6.30-7.00, wing 3.80-4.30 (4.03), tail 2.70-3.30 (2.95), 
culmen .40-.50 (.46), tarsus .75-.85 (.77). Hab. Pacific 
coast ranges of northwestern North America; in win- 
ter, coast, from Kadiak southward, and southeastward 
through mountains of the Great Basin to western 
Nevada and eastern Montana and Colorado. 
524a. L. tephrocotis littoralis (Barrp). 
Hepburn’s Leucosticte. 
é'. General color sooty blackish (male) or sooty slate (female). 
Adult male: Pattern of head exactly as in L. tephrocotis ; 
the cinnamon-brown of that species replaced in the 
male by sooty black (more brownish on back) and sooty 
grayish in female; length about 6.50-7.00, wing 3.80- 
4.25 (4.05), tail 2.80-3.15 (2.98), culmen .40-.45 (.43), 
tarsus .75-.80 (.78). Hab. In winter, central Rocky 
Mountains, in Colorado and Wyoming, west to Uintah 
Mountains, Utah. 
525. L. atrata Ripew. Black Leucosticte. 
c. Head of adult (and young) without any ash-gray. 
Adult male: General color light tawny brown (much less rufes- 
cent than in ZL. tephrocotis and L. littoralis), deeper on throat, 
where sometimes tinged with purplish; top of head blackish 
anteriorly, grayish brown or brownish gray posteriorly (not 
markedly different from the general color of head and body), the 
edges of the feathers more grayish, sometimes producing a 
somewhat scaled appearance. Adult female: Similar, but very 
much paler and duller, the pinkish tints much less distinct, 
sometimes almost obsolete. Young: Plain light brownish, the 
wing-coverts more buffy; no pinkish on tail-coverts, etc., nor 
