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black on forehead. Length about 6.50-7.25, wing 4.00-4.40 
(4.15), tail 2.80-3.35 (3.09), culmen .40-.48 (.45), tarsus .70-.80 
(77). Hab. High mountains of Colorado in summer (10,000 
feet and upwards); lower districts, and south to northern 
Mexico, in winter. 
526. L. australis (ALLEN). Brown-capped Leucosticte. 
bo, Nasal tufts black. 
Adult: Head blackish; hind-neck light rusty; general color of body 
dark chocolate-brown; otherwise, much like Z. tephrocotis, and 
allies, the size about the same. Hab. Northeastern Asia, from 
Kamtschatka to northern Japan. 
L. brunneinucha (BRANDT). Japanese Leucosticte.} 
w. Sides of lower mandible without oblique ridge; tail-feathers, primaries, second- 
aries, primary coverts, and greater coverts light hoary gray or silvery 
white, with darker shaft-streaks; tail-coverts without rosy tips. (Sub- 
genus Hypolia Ripeway.’) 
Adult: General color plain sepia-brown, paler, and sometimes more tawny, 
on hind-neck, the tail, etc., silvery whitish, as described above; length 
about 6.00-6.50, wing 4.60, tail 3.15. Hab. Northeastern Asia (Siberia, 
ete.) ; accidental on Aleutian Islands (?) 
L. arctoa (BranpT). Silvery-winged Leucosticte.3 
Gznus ACANTHIS Becusrzin. (Page 382, pl. CVIL, fig. 1.) 
Species. 
Common COnaracters.—Adult males: Above streaked with dusky upon a 
brownish, grayish, or whitish ground, the rump sometimes immaculate white or 
pinkish ; top of head bright red (except in A. brewsterii) ; wings and tail dusky, the 
feathers edged with paler, the middle and greater wing-coverts tipped with whitish 
or pale brownish ; superciliary region and lower parts chiefly whitish, but anterior 
lower parts (except in A. brewsterii) more or less tinged with red, and sides usually 
more or less streaked with dusky; a more or less distinct dusky spot on chin and 
upper part of throat (except in A. brewsterti). Adult females: Similar to the males, 
but without any red on breast, etc., the crown, however, red as in male. Young: 
No red whatever on crown or elsewhere; whole head streaked with dusky and 
grayish or brownish white, the latter color prevailing on under portions; other- 
wise much as in adult female, but plumage of much softer, more “woolly” tex- 
ture and markings less sharply defined. (Mote—Both sexes have in summer a 
1 Pringilla (Linaria) brunneinucha Braypt, Bull. Ac. St. Petersh. Noy. 1841, 35. Leucoaticte brunneinucha 
Cazan., Mus. Hein. i. 1851, 154. 
2 Hypolia Rivew., Bull. U.S. Geol. & Geog. Surv. Terr. No. 2, sec. ser. May 11, 1875, 67. Type, Passer 
arctous PALL. . 
8 Passer arctous, var. u, PauL., Zoog. Rosso-As. ii. 1826, 21. Leucosticte arctoa Bonar., Consp. i. 1850, 
537. 
