ACANTHIS. 397 
bill. (Wing averaging less than 3.00 in males, less than 2.95 in 
females.) 
ad’. Smaller (length about 4.50-5.00), with proportionally smaller bill. 
Male: Wing 2.80-3.05 (2.91), tail 2.20-2.50 (2.33), exposed cul- 
men .32-.38 (.35), depth of bill at base .22-.27 (.24), tarsus .55- 
‘60 (.57), middle toe .33-.35 (.34). Female: Wing 2.75-2.90 
(2.84), tail 2.20-2.40 (2.31), exposed culmen .30-.37 (.34), depth 
of bill at base .20-.25 (.22), tarsus .55-.60 (.58), middle toe .20- 
32 (.31). Eggs 69 x 48. Hab. Northern portions of northern 
hemisphere, except Greenland and certain sea-coast districts ; 
in North America migrating south, in winter, to about 40°. 
528. A. linaria (Linn.). Redpoll, 
@. Larger (length about 5.00-5.25), with proportionally larger bill. 
Male: Wing 2.85-3.05 (2.96), tail 2.25-2.45 (2.34), exposed cul- 
men .35-.43 (.39), depth of bill at base .25-.30 (.28), tarsus .58- 
62 (.60). Female: Wing 2.80-3.00 (2.89), tail 2.25-2.50 (2.33), 
exposed culmen .35-.43 (.40), depth of bill at base .27-.30 (.28), 
tarsus .55-.60 (.58). Hab. Northern coasts of Europe and 
Asia (Norway to Japan), and portions of coast of Alaska; also 
occurring in winter in vicinity of Quebec. 
528d. A. linaria holbcellii Brenm. Holbeell’s Redpoll. 
c’. Larger (length about 5.25-5.75), with proportionally shorter, thicker, 
and less acute bill. (Wing averaging more than 3.15 in males, 
more than 3.05 in females; colors also usually darker than in A. 
linaria and A. holbellii, the lateral lower parts usually much more 
broadly or heavily striped.) Male: Wing 3.05-3.30 (3.18), tail 2.35- 
2.70 (2.53), exposed culmen .32-.42 (.37), depth of bill at base .25- 
.30 (.28), tarsus .60-.70 (.65), middle toe .30-.40 (.36). Female: 
Wing 2.95-3.25 (3.08), tail 2.40-2.60 (2.51), exposed culmen .33-.42 
(37), depth of bill at base .25-.30 (.28), tarsus .60-.68 (.63), middle 
toe .35-.38 (.37). Hab. Southern Greenland in summer, migrating 
south, in winter, through Labrador to (sparingly) the northern 
border of the United States (New England, lower Hudson Valley, 
northern Illinois, etc.), and west to Manitoba. 
528). A. linaria rostrata (Cours). Greater Redpoll. 
a’, Adults without red on top of head, or dusky spot on chin, and with portions of 
the plumage tinged with sulphur-yellow. 
Adult female (male unknown) : Above olive-brownish, streaked with dusky, 
the rump tinged with pale sulphur-yellow; beneath whitish, faintly 
tinged with dull buffy or pale fulvous on chest, the sides and lower tail- 
coverts streaked with dusky ; wings with two pale fulvous bands across 
1 The only American specimens of this form that I have seen are five from Kadiak (breeding birds) and 
the same number from Quebec (winter specimens). It cannot, of course, be stated where the latter came from, 
their migration from the northwestward or from the eastward (possibly Newfoundland) through the St. 
Lawrence Valley being equally possible. 
