SPINUS. 399 
distinct white patch; lower parts entirely lemon-yellow. Adult 
female: Above plain grayish olive-green, beneath light greenish 
yellow; no black on head; wings and tail as in the male, but less 
deeply black, the white more restricted. Young: Similar to adult 
female, but tinged more or less with buffy, the wing-coverts tipped 
with buff.) 
@. Adult male with back and ear-coverts plain olive-green. West and 
eggs like those of S. tristis, the latter smaller, averaging .59 x 
44, Hab. Western United States, north to northern California, 
Oregon, Utah, and Colorado, south (in winter at least) to Lower 
California, Sonora, Arizona, New Mexico, and western Texas. 
530. S. psaltria (Say). Arkansas Goldfinch. 
@. Adult males with back and ear-coverts either “solid” black or more 
or less mixed with black. 
é. Adult males with back or ear-coverts, or both, more or less 
mixed with olive-green. Hab. Southwestern United States 
and contiguous portions of Mexico, north to Arizona and 
Colorado (accidentally? to Alameda County, California), 
east to Texas and Nuevo Leon, Mexico. 
530a. S. psaltria arizonze (Covzs). Arizona Goldfinch. 
é. Adult males with back and ear-coverts “solid” glossy black, and 
yellow of lower parts brighter than in other races. Hab. 
Mexico (except northwestern portions) and south to Costa 
Rica; north to southern Texas..... 5305. S. psaltria mexi- 
canus (Swains.). Mexican Goldfinch. 
b. Outer surface of wing-coverts, secondaries, and primaries chiefly yellow. 
(Inner webs of tail-feathers with a subterminal white patch.) 
Adult male: Anterior part of head, all round, including throat and 
fore-part of crown, black; above brownish gray (the back sometimes 
tinged with olive-green), changing to bright yellowish olive-green 
on rump; sides of head and lateral under parts lighter brownish 
gray, becoming. white on lower tail-coverts and middle of belly; 
chest and breast yellow. Adult female: Similar to male, but with- 
out black of head, and colors generally duller, the yellow less dis- 
tinct. (In winter, both sexes colored as in summer, but plumage 
softer, with colors more subdued.) Young: Similar to adult female, 
but duller, with yellow, especially on breast, much less distinct, 
and lower parts indistinctly streaked. Length 4.50-4.70, wing 
2.50-2.85, tail 2.00-2.25. Hggs 3-5, 58 x .44, pure white or buffy 
white. Hab. California ; southeastward, in winter, to Arizona (Fort 
Whipple)......... 531. S. lawrencei (Cass.). Lawrence's Goldfinch. 
a. Inner webs of tail-feathers without white spot, but with basal portion yellow; 
secondaries or primaries, or both, also yellow at base. 
b. Plumage not streaked, the head partly, or entirely, black in adults. 
c. Adult (sexes alike ?): Head, all round, fore-neck (down to chest), wings, 
