PASSER. a 
head white, more or less tinged with buff; back and scapulars plain brown; rump 
and upper tail-coverts white; wings and tail chiefly black; greater portion of 
greater coverts, basal portion of lower secondaries, and basal half or more of 
exposed portion of outer webs of primaries, pure gamboge-yellow; secondaries, 
primaries, and middle tail-feathers tipped with white, the inner webs of outer tail- 
feathers partly white; sides of breast, sides, and flanks plain cinnamon-brown ; 
rest of lower parts dull white. Young: “Head, neck, back, and scapulars dull 
light wood-brown; wings as in the adult female, but the primaries are slightly and 
the secondaries broadly tipped with brownish buff; tail less marked with white, 
and tipped with buffy brown; chin, throat, and under parts dirty white, the throat 
and the breast washed with pale brown, the latter very indistinctly spotted with 
sooty brown.” (Drzsszer.) Length 4.75-5.50, wing 2.90-3.15, tail 2.00-2.10, ex- 
posed culmen .45-.55. Nest a very neat, compact, cup-shaped structure, composed 
of fine grasses, mosses, etc., mixed and lined with plant-down, situated in bushes or 
small deciduous trees (often fruit trees). Hggs 4-6, .70 x .49, bluish or greenish 
white, or light greenish bluc, marked with reddish brown round larger end. Hab. 
Europe and western Asia; introduced into and naturalized in portions of eastern 
United States (breeding in Central Park, New York City, vicinity of Cambridge, 
Mass., etc.). 
C. carduelis (Linn.). Goldfinch.! 
Genus PASSER Baisson.2 (Page 382, pl. CVILI., fig. 2.) 
Species. 
Common Cuaractrrs.—Above brownish, the back streaked with black; wing 
with two white bands; lower parts dull grayish white or pale grayish; adult 
males with chin, throat, and lores black, and lesser wing-coverts chestnut. 
a. Larger (wing 2.85-3.00) ; adult male with black of throat continued over chest, 
where forming a broad patch ; ear-coverts entirely dull grayish ; top of head 
grayish, with a large patch of bright chestnut on each side, from eye back to 
sides of nape; length about 5.50-6.25, wing about 2.85-3.00, tail 2.35-2.50. 
Nest a bulky structure of dried grasses, etc., lined with feathers, placed in 
various odd nooks about houses, holes in trees, on branches of trees, etc. 
Eggs 4-7, .86 X .62, dull whitish, thickly speckled and dashed with dark 
brown and purplish gray. Hab. Europe, etc.; unfortunately introduced 
into the United States, where it now occurs universally throughout in- 
habited districts. 
P. domesticus (Liny.). European House Sparrow.’ 
a?, Smaller (wing less than 2.85); adult male with black of throat not continued 
over chest ; ear-coverts with a large black spot; top of head entirely liver- 
1 Fringilla carduelis Linw., 8. N. ed. 10, i. 1758, 180. Carduelis carduelis Scuzrr., Orn. Mus, 1789, 23. 
2 Passer Briss., Orn. iii. 1760, 71. Type, Fringilla domestica Linn. 
8 Fringilla domestica Linn., S. N. ed. 10, i. 1758, 183. Passer domesticus Scu#£FF., Orn. Mus. 1789, 24. 
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