JUNCO. 423 
2.98-3.10 (3.04), tail 2.80-2.86 (2.78), culmen .50-.51 (.50), tar- 
sus .89. Hab. Higher portions of southern Alleghanies. 
567e. J. hyemalis carolinensis Brewsr. Carolina Junco. 
6%. Back rusty brown or rufous, decidedly different from color of chest. 
c’. Greater wing-coverts and tertials with outer webs chiefly or entirely 
gray, like rest of wing. 
d@'. Bill light flesh-color or purplish white, and iris dark brown, 
or claret-color, as in J. hyemalis; head, neck, chest, sides, 
and upper parts except back, ash-gray, the belly rather ab- 
ruptly white, and the back rusty or rufous; length about 6.00- 
6.50. Male: Wing 3.18-3.42 (3.28), tail 2.93-3.27 (2.99), culmen 
50-52 (.51), tarsus .80-.87 (.82). Female: Wing 2.95-3.26 (3.08), 
tail 2.85-3.07 (2.96), culmen .50-.52 (.51), tarsus .77-.85 (.81). 
99s .80 X .59, white, dull pinkish white, or greenish white, 
speckled (usually very minutely), chiefly on larger end, with 
reddish brown. Hab. Rocky Mountain district, breeding from 
Fort Bridger southward. 
(63.) 569. J. caniceps (WoopH.). Gray-headed Junco. 
@. Bill with upper mandible blackish, lower yellowish; iris brown; 
plumage as in J. caniceps, but paler beneath, the much paler 
ash of chest and sides fading gradually into white of belly; 
length about 6.25-6.60. Male: Wing 3.05-3.40 (3.25), tail 2.97- 
3.22 (3.11), culmen .49-.53 (.51), tarsus .77-.82 (.80). Female: 
Wing 3.10-3.20 (3.18), tail 2.93-3.10 (3.01), culmen .49-.52 (.50), 
tarsus .77-.81 (.79). Eggs .77 <.60, plain greenish white, some- 
times with very minute reddish brown sprinkling or “ dusting” 
in ring round larger end. Hab. Southern Rocky Mountains 
(New Mexico and eastern Arizona). 
570a. J. phzeonotus dorsalis (Henry). Red-backed Junco. 
c. Greater wing-coverts and tertials with outer webs chiefly rusty or rufous. 
(Upper mandible blackish, lower yellowish, as in J. cinereus dorsalis ; 
iris yellow.) 
d'. Outer tail-feather with more than half of the inner web white; 
rump gray (rarely tinged with olive); back bright rusty or 
rufous. 
é. Rump and top of head slate-gray, the former sometimes tinged 
with olive; lower parts entirely dull whitish, shaded, 
more or less, with pale grayish anteriorly ; wing 2.77-3.20 
(8.00), tail 2.75-3.12 (2.94), culmen .51-.53 (.52), tarsus .83- 
.90 (.87). Hab. Highlands of Mexico. 
J. pheonotus Wacu. Mexican Junco.! 
e*, Rump and top of head clear ash-gray, the former without 
olive tinge; lower parts usually decidedly ashy anteriorly 
1 Junco pheonotus Waat., Isis, 1831, 526. 
