PIPILO. 437 
with wing-coverts much more distinctly tipped 
with white or buffy. Length 8.00-8.75, wing 3.30- 
3.50 (3.43), tail 3.90-4.25 (4.07), exposed culmen 
49-54 (.52), tarsus 1.03-1.10 (1.08). Eygs 94x 
70. Hab. Great Plains, north to the Saskatche- 
wan, south (in winter only?) to Texas, east to 
Indian Territory, Kansas, Nebraska, etc., west to 
base of Rocky Mountains..... 588. P. maculatus 
arcticus Swans. Arctic Towhee. 
gy. Darker, with white markings more restricted, and 
rufous of sides, etc., deeper; white edgings of 
primaries never developed into a basal patch; 
white space on outer tail-feather occupying not 
more (usually less) than terminal exposed half 
(1.10-1.35 long). Adult female with head, neck, 
chest, rump, ete., dusky grayish brown. Young 
hardly distinguishable from corresponding stage 
of P. arcticus. Length 8.50-8.90, wing 3.40-3.60 
(3.52), tail 4.00-4.40 (4.25), exposed culmen .50- 
59 (.53), tarsus 1.03-1.12 (1.09). Eggs .95 x .68. 
Hab. Rocky Mountains and west to interior of 
California, north to eastern Washington Territory, 
etc., south to northern Mexico and Lower Cali- 
fornia.. 588a. P. maculatus megalonyx (Bairp). 
Spurred Towhee. 
é’. White streaks on back obsolete or concealed, except on outer- 
most interscapulars, and other white markings much re- 
stricted; white at tips of wing-coverts reduced to small 
roundish spots, that on edges of quills and tertials very in- 
conspicuous—sometimes quite obsolete—that on outer tail- 
feathers less than 1.00 in length; adult females with gen- 
eral color of head, neck, chest, and upper parts dark sooty 
brown or dusky sepia. (Rufous of sides, etc., also decidedly 
deeper.) 
fi. Larger, the wing averaging more than 3.30, tail averaging 
more than 3.80; length 8.00-8.60, wing 3.25-3.45 (3.35), 
tail 3.60-4.10 (3.90), exposed culmen .52-.58 (.54), tar- 
sus 1.07-1.13 (1.10). Hyggs .94 x .70. Hab. Pacific 
coast, from California to British Columbia.... 5885. P. 
maculatus oregonus (BELL). Oregon Towhee. 
f?. Smaller, the wing averaging less than 3.10, tail averaging 
less than 3.60; length about 6.50-7.50, wing 2.90-3.25 
(3.06), tail 3.25-3.80 (8.56), tarsus 1.00-1.10 (1.06). 
Hab. Guadalupe Island, Lower California. 
589. P. consobrinus Rinaw. Guadalupe Towhee. 
