438 NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 
ad, Back without white streaks. (Adult males with general color 
of upper parts dusky grayish brown, the outermost scapu- 
lars with outer webs partly white, and both rows of wing- 
coverts tipped with small white spots; only one or two outer 
tail-feathers with white terminal spots, these very small—less 
than .90 long.) 
é. Larger: Wing 3.30, tail 3.70, culmen .60, tarsus 1.15. Adult 
male: Head, neck, and chest brownish black, becoming 
dark grayish brown, indistinctly streaked with darker, on 
top of head and hind-neck; back and scapulars umber- 
brown, tinged with rusty, broadly, though rather indis- 
tinctly, streaked with dusky. Hab. Southern Mexico 
(Puebla). P. submaculatus Ripgw. Submaculated Towhee.! 
e. Smaller: Wing 2.60-2.80 (2.74), tail 3.00-3.15 (3.07), exposed 
culmen 49-53 (.50), tarsus .94-1.01 (.98). Adult male: 
Head, neck, chest, and upper parts dark sooty grayish 
brown. Adult female: Similar to the male, but browner. 
Hab. Socorro Island, western Mexico. 
P. carmani LAwr. Socorro Towhee.? 
b. Wings and tail olive-green. (Adult males with head, neck, and chest black, 
breast and belly white, and sides rufous, as in P. erythrophthalmus 
and allies; females unknown.) 
c. Tail 4.50, or more; top of head without rufous spot, and throat with- 
out white patch. 
d@'. Back and scapulars streaked with blackish and pale yellow, the 
outer webs of exterior scapulars almost wholly of this color; 
middle and greater wing-coverts tipped with pale yellow, form- 
ing two distinct bands across wing; three outer tail-feathers 
with terminal portion of inner web abruptly pale yellow or 
yellowish white, the spot on outermost feather about 1.10 
long; length about 8.75-9.00, wing 3.70-3.80, tail 4.60, culmen 
.70-.75, tarsus 1.15-1.25. Hab. Valley of Mexico. 
P. macronyx Swans. Swainson’s Towhee.® 
ad’. Back and scapulars plain olive-green ; wing-coverts without dis- 
tinct yellowish tips, and whitish or light yellowish spots at 
tips of outer tail-feathers not sharply defined; length about 
8.00-8.50, tail 4.50, culmen .68, tarsus 1.15-1.25. Hab. South- 
ern Mexico (Oaxaca). 
P. chlorosoma Bairp. Green-backed Towhee.t 
e. Tail not more than 4.00; top of head with a rufous spot, and throat 
with a white patch. 
1 Pipilo submaculatus Rivew., Auk, iii. July, 1886, 332. 
2 Pipilo carmani Lawr., Ann. Lye. N, x. 1871, 7. 
8 Pipilo macronyx SwAtns., Philos, Mag. n. a. i. 1827, 434. 
4 Pipilo chlorosoma Barrp, Hist. N. Am. B. ii, 1874, 105. 
