(78) 
CARDINALIS. 441 
buffy, under tail-coverts deep tawny, and upper parts 
deeper brownish gray, or grayish brown. 
Light or tawny cinnamon-ochraceous of throat usually 
spotted or flecked with dusky; top of head browner 
than back, but not rufescent. Young: Above similar 
to adult, but browner, the middle and greater wing- 
coverts edged and tipped with isabella-color ; beneath 
dull light buffy, changing to dull tawny buff posteriorly 
and on throat, and to dull grayish brown along sides, 
the entire fore-neck, chest, breast, etc., streaked with 
grayish dusky. Length 8.50-9.00, wing 3.70-4.00 
(3.87), tail 4.40-4.75 (4.53), exposed culmen .55-.62 
(.57), tarsus 1.10-1.16 (1.13). Hggs .99 x .61, colored 
like those of P. albigula. Hab. California. 
591. P. fuscus crissalis (Via.). Californian Towhee. 
ce’. Lores and chin dusky; lower throat and chest plain light buffy cinna- 
mon, or fawn-color. 
Above plain grayish brown, becoming more decidedly brown on 
top of head; quills edged with grayish; lower parts nearly 
uniform light fawn-color, paler on belly and changing to cinna- 
mon-tawny on under tail-coverts; length 8.50-9.00, wing 3.40- 
3.90, tail 4.75-5.00. Eggs .99 X .70, pale greenish blue or 
bluish white, speckled and scratched on or round larger end 
with dark brown, sometimes mixed with madder-brown. Hab. 
New Mexico and Arizona, north into southern Utah and Colo- 
TACO escecsseraseceeseeees 592. P. aberti Barrp. Abert’s Towhee. 
Genus CARDINALIS Bonararrz. (Page 382, pl. CXIL,, fig. 1.) 
Species. 
Common Cuaracrers.—Adult males bright vermilion-red, darker on upper 
parts; feathers round base of bill black (restricted to chin in C. pheniceus). Adult 
females brownish above, pale tawny or buffy beneath, the crest, wings, and tail dull 
reddish. Young much like adult female, but colors duller, the bill blackish. West 
a rather frail structure of fine rootlets, strips of grape-vine bark, etc., in bushes, 
brambles, grape-vines, or low trees. Eggs 2-4, white, greenish white, or brownish 
white, spotted or speckled with various shades of brown and lilac-gray. 
a}, Culmen nearly straight to near tip, where gently curved ; upper mandible about 
as deep as the lower, its edge slightly lobed anterior to the slight angle, 
without grooves; color of bill bright vermilion-red in life; feathers all round 
base of bill black, the throat also black. Adult females with under wing- 
coverts pinkish red. 
bY», Feathers of crest soft, blended; male with crest brownish red or deep ver- 
56 
