449 NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 
milion, back and rump deep brownish red; tail 3.85 or more (usually 
more than 4.00). 
c', Adult male with black of lores distinctly connected across forehead. 
Adult male: Head, neck, and lower parts fine vermilion, the crest 
much duller (more like color of upper parts). Adult female 
with breast, etc., grayish buffy or light tawny; upper parts 
olive-grayish (wings and tail much as in the male); capis- 
trum (.¢., differently colored patch round base of bill, including 
upper part of throat) dull light grayish. Length 7.50-9.25, 
wing (male) 3.55-4.00 (3.70), tail 3.90-4.60 (4.20), culmen .72- 
.82 (.78), depth of bill through base .60-.67 (.62), tarsus .90-1.00 
(.97). Eggs .99 X .73. Hab. Hastern United States, north regu- 
larly to 40° (casually or irregularly nearly to northern border), 
west to edge of Great Plains, south to Gulf coast (Florida to 
(74.) southern Texas)........... 593. C. cardinalis (Linn.). Cardinal. 
c. Adult males with black of lores not connected across forehead; bill 
stouter. 
@. Colors paler than in C. virginianus, the female with the capis- 
trum grayish white and very indistinct. 
é, Larger: Length (male) about 9.40-9.50, wing 4.00-4.15 (4.06), 
tail 4.60-5.10 (4.97), culmen .85-.90 (.86), depth of bill at 
base .65-.70 (.68), tarsus 1.07-1.12 (1.08). Eggs 1.00 x .75. 
Hab. Western Mexico, south to Mazatlan, north to southern 
ATIZONA ...sescseceeeee 593a. C. cardinalis superbus Ripew. 
Arizona Cardinal. 
é. Smaller: Length (male) about 8.00-8.50, wing 3.60-3.80 
(3.70), tail 4.30-4.60 (4.46), culmen .75-.85 (.79), depth of 
bill at base .62-.68 (.66), targus .95-1.05 (1.01). Eggs 1.00 
x .72. Hab. Lower California......... 593d. C. cardinalis 
igneus (Barrp). Saint Lucas Cardinal. 
d’. Colors darker and richer than in C. cardinalis, the female with 
the capistrum dark grayish, or grayish black, very distinct. 
e’. Larger: Wing (adult males) usually more than 3.60, tail 4.20, 
or more. 
Wing 3.50-3.85 (3.67), tail 4.20-4.50 (4.29), culmen .80- 
.90 (.87), depth of bill at base .60-.70 (.67), tarsus .95- 
1.05 (1.02). Hab. Eastern and central Mexico (north 
to Mirador). 
C. cardinalis coccineus Ripaw. Mexican Cardinal.! 
é. Smaller: Wing (adult males) less than 3.60, tail less than 
4.20. 
f'. Brighter colored, with smaller bill; female with breast, 
etc., bright ochraceous-tawny, back tawny olive, the 
1 Cardinalis virginianus var. i Rivew., Am. Jour. Sci. & Arts, v. Jan. 1873, 39, 
