446 NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 
of bill at base .55-.60 (.56). Hggs .90 x .65. Hab. Western United 
States, north to Colorado, California, etc., south throughout Mexico. 
597a. G. cerulea eurhyncha Cours. Western Blue Grosbeak,’ 
a?, Wing-coverts without differently colored tips; first quill shorter than seventh 
(sometimes shorter than eighth). (Cyanoloria Bonap.) 
Adult male: Entirely dull blue-black, with a superficial tinting of dull 
indigo-blue, most obvious on forehead, superciliary region, cheeks, and 
lesser wing-coverts. Adult female: Uniform rich vandyke-brown (or deep 
burnt-umber), browner above, rather lighter and brighter brown beneath. 
Length about 6.00-6.50, wing 3.00-3.30, tail 2.60-3.00, exposed culmen 
.75-.85, depth of bill at base .65-.75. Hab. Central America, north to 
Guatemala and eastern Mexico (Vera Cruz). 
G. cyanoides concreta (Du Bus). Blue-black Grosbeak.? 
Genus PASSERINA Vieittor. (Page 385, pl. CXIL., fig. 5.) 
Species. 
Common CHaracters.—Adult males very brightly colored, with more or less 
of blue in the plumage, often in combination with other rich colors, as red, yellow, 
purple, or green. Adult females and young plain brownish above, beneath similar, 
but lighter. Vests in bushes. Eggs whitish, sometimes spotted with reddish brown, 
oftener plain. 
a}. Bill larger and more swollen, the lateral outlines decidedly convex, and the cut- 
ting-edge of upper mandible convex in middle portion. (Subgenus Cyano- 
compsa CABANIS.*) 
b. Gonys not more than .30; wing not more than 2.85. (Adult males dark 
blue, becoming bright rich blue on forehead, superciliary region, cheeks, 
rump, and lesser wing-coverts; female and young brown, paler beneath, 
the throat and middle of belly whitish.) 
c. Blue a rich dark marine-blue shade, brightening on forehead, etc., into 
azure ; length about 5.00, wing 2.60-2.85, tail 2.20-2.35, exposed cul- 
men 40-45. Hab. Southern and eastern Mexico, north to lower 
Rio Grande Valley. 
P. parellina (Bonap.). Blue Bunting.* 
c. Blue an indigo shade, brightening on forehead, etc., into cerulean-blue 
(almost turquoise on forehead); length about 5.00, wing 2.80, tail 
1 Guiraca cerulea, var. eurhyncha Covgs, Am. Nat. viii. Sept. 1874, 563. 
Although two of the three characters originally ascribed (7.e., larger size and different color of bill) fail of 
substantiation, the third (larger size), taken in connection with well-marked differences of plumage, is quite 
sufficient to characterize the western (or, rather, southwestern) bird as a well-defined race. 
2 Cyanoloxia concreta Du Bus, Bull. Ac. Brux. xxii. 1855, 150. 
3 Cyanocompsa CaB., J. f. 0. 1861, 4. Type, Cyanoloxia parellina BonaP. 
4 Cyanoloxia parellina Bonap., Consp. i. 1850, 502. Passerina parellina Ripew., Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. iii. 
1880, 182. 
