454 NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 
on middle portion. (Adult males plain vermilion-red, darker and 
duller on upper surface. Adult females plain ochraceous-olive or 
dull olive-yellowish above, dull light saffron-yellow beneath.) 
@, Smaller, with relatively shorter bill, wings, and tail, and deeper or 
darker colors; length 7.00-7.95, wing 3.55-3.95 (3.69), tail 2.80- 
8.15 (2.99), culmen .82-.90 (.86), tarsus .70-.80 (.74). Eggs .92 
 .68, light greenish blue, speckled or spotted, chiefly on larger 
end, with purplish brown and vandyke-brown. Hab, Eastern 
United States, north regularly to New Jersey, Ohio, Ilinois, 
etc., irregularly or casually to Connecticut, Ontario, and even 
Nova Scotia; west to edge of Great Plains'; south, in winter, 
through western Cuba, eastern Mexico, and Central America to 
northern South America. 
610. P. rubra (Linn.). Summer Tanager. 
@, Larger, with relatively longer bill, wings, and tail, and with colors 
lighter; length 7.90-8.50, wing 3.70-4.10 (3.94), tail 3.00-3.60 
(3.26), culmen .88-.98 (.93), tarsus .75-.85 (.80). Hggs .93 X 
.69. Hab. Western Mexico and southwestern United States, 
north to Colorado (Denver) and Arizona. 
610a. P. rubra cooperi Ripaw. Cooper’s Tanager. 
@. Cutting-edge of upper mandible with a distinct angle or tooth-like pro- 
jection in middle portion. 
@. Culmen decidedly shorter than tarsus. 
é. Adult male: Rich, pure scarlet, with wings and tail uniform 
deep black. Adult female: Olive-green above, the wings 
and tail more grayish (sometimes dusky grayish); lower 
parts dull light greenish yellow. Length 6.50-7.50, wing 
3.55-3.90, tail 2.80-3.25, exposed culmen about .55-.60. 
Eggs 94 < .65, essentially similar in coloration to those 
of P. rubra. Hab. Hastern United States and southern 
Canada, west to edge of Great Plains; in winter, south 
through West Indies, eastern Mexico, and Central America 
to Peru and Bolivia. 
608. P. erythromelas Viniiu. Scarlet Tanager. 
é. Adult male: Above dull red, strongly tinged with grayish on 
back, etc.; lower parts light vermilion, strongly shaded 
on sides and flanks with brownish gray; ear-coverts dull 
grayish red, or reddish gray, narrowly streaked with 
white. Adult female: Above olive-green, the back more 
grayish ; beneath olive-yellow, strongly shaded with olive’ 
on sides and flanks. Young: Above olive (more grayish 
on back), the top of head indistinctly, the back distinctly, 
streaked with dusky; lower parts pale yellow, the chest, 
breast, upper belly, sides, and flanks distinctly streaked 
with blackish. Length 7.30-8.20, wing 3.70-4.20, tail 3.20- 
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