PHAINOPEPLA. 465 
mens); length 6.50-7.50, wing about 3.60-3.90, tail 2.30-2.60. Eggs .87- 
61. Hab. Whole of temperate North America, south (in winter only ?) 
to Guatemala and West Indies. 
619. A. cedrorum (VIEILL.). Cedar Waxwing. 
a’. Tail tipped with rose-red; tips of secondaries never with sealing-wax-like tips. 
Greater wing-coverts dull red; otherwise much like A. garrulus, but with- 
out yellow tips to quills, but these, as also sometimes the secondaries, 
usually tipped with rose-red. Hab. Japan. 
A. japonicus (SrzB.). Japanese Waxwing.! 
Genus PHAINOPEPLA Scuatzr. (Page 463, pl. CXIIL., fig. 2.) 
Species. 
Adult male: Uniform glossy blue-black, the inner webs of quills chiefly white; 
in winter, many feathers bordered with whitish. Adult female: Plain brownish 
gray, rather paler below, the wing-coverts, secondaries, and lower tail-coverts mar- 
gined with white; white on inner webs of primaries more restricted and less 
sharply defined than in male. Young: Similar to adult female. Length 7.00-7.75, 
wing 3.60-3.80, tail 3.80-4.10. Mest saucer-shaped, compact, of plant-fibres, etc., on 
small trees. Eggs 2-3, .87 X .63, light grayish or dull grayish white, thickly 
speckled with neutral tint, dark brown, and blackish. Hab. Arid region of Mexico, 
and contiguous portions of United States, from western Texas to southern Cali- 
fornia... sgadenVed sane oseas donee ebanaeeeeniesce 620. P. nitens (Swarns.). Phainopepla. 
Famity LANIID42.—Tue Surixes, (Page 323.) 
Genera. 
(Characters same as those given for the Family)....... Lanius. (Page 465.) 
Genus LANIUS Linnavs. (Page 465, pl. CXIIL., fig. 3.) 
Species. 
Common Cuaracters.—Adults plain gray above, the sides of the head, wings, 
and tail black; the wings with a white patch at base of quills and tail, with much 
white on exterior feathers and tips of others; lower parts whitish. Young essen- 
tially similar to adults, but colors less strongly contrasted, the gray and white more 
or less tinged with brownish, and more or less vermiculated, or “waved,” with 
narrow dusky bars; wing-coverts tipped with dull light buffy. West a very bulky 
structure, composed of sticks, dried grass-stems, wool, feathers, etc., placed in small 
(usually thorny) trees or hedges. Eygs 4-7, dull whitish, spotted with light brown 
or olive. 
1 Bombicyvora japonica SiEBoLD, Hist. Nat. Jap. Stat, 1824, No. 2. Ampelis japonica Gray, Gen. B. i. 
1846, 278, 
59 
