486 NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 
usually nearly confluent, producing a nearly continuous patch; 
adult female with throat and ear-coverts deep gray. Eggs .64 x .53, 
white, finely—usually sparsely and rather minutely—speckled with 
brown, chiefly on or round larger end. Hab. Eastern United States 
and British Provinces, breeding from about 40° northward; winter- 
ing in Cuba, eastern Mexico, Central America, and Colombia. 
642. H. chrysoptera (Linn.). Golden-winged Warbler. 
c’. Cheeks and lower parts pure gamboge-yellow, the sides tinged with 
olive; back, scapulars, and rump bright olive-green; wing-bands 
(usually, at least) white, narrower and more widely separated; 
adult female with throat and cheeks dusky olive-greenish. Hab. 
Northeastern United States (New Jersey, etc.). 
—. H. lawrencei (Herrick). Lawrence’s Warbler 
&. Throat entirely pure yellow or white, in both sexes; ear-coverts olive-green 
or light ash-gray for upper half, pure yellow or white for lower half; a 
narrow black streak behind eye. 
c’. Hind-neck, back, scapulars, and rump bright olive-green; lower parts 
(including sides of head, except as described) pure gamboge-yellow, 
the sides and flanks tinged with olive-green; wing-bands usually 
white, extremely variable as to width (sometimes nearly confluent, 
more rarely almost obsolete). Eggs .60 x .48, white, finely—usually 
minutely and rather sparsely—speckled with brown and _ black, 
chiefly on or round larger end. Hab. Eastern United States, north 
to Connecticut Valley, southern New York, the Great Lakes, and 
Minnesota (but chiefly west of Alleghanies, except north of 40°); 
south, in winter, through eastern Mexico to Costa Rica. 
641. H. pinus (Liny.). Blue-winged Warbler. 
ce. Hind-neck, back, scapulars, and rump ash-gray ; lower parts, including 
sides of head, upward nearly to eye, pure white, usually tinged on 
breast (sometimes on chin also) with yellow, the sides and flanks 
tinged with ash-gray; wing-bands either yellow or white, broad or 
narrow. Hab. Eastern United States (Virginia, New Jersey, New 
York, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Michigan, etc.). 
—. H. leucobronchialis (Brewsrt.). Brewster's Warbler.” 
1 Doubtless either a hybrid of H. chrysoptera and H. pinus, or else a yellow dichromatic phase of the 
former. The latter supposition seems, in the light of recently studied material, to be the more probable solu- 
tion of the case. 
2 This puzzling bird apparently bears the same relation to H. pinus that H. lawrencei does to H. chrysop- 
tera. In a large series of specimens, every possible intermediate condition of plumage between typical H. 
pinus and H. leucobronchialis is seen, just as is the case with H. chrysoptera and H. lawrencet. If we assume, 
therefore, that these four forms represent merely two dichroic species, in one of which (H. pinus) the xan- 
thochroic (yellow) phase and in the other (H. chrysoptera) the leucochroic (white) phase represents the 
normal plumage,—and admitting that these two species, in their various conditions, hybridize (which seems to 
be an incontrovertible fact),—we have an easy and altogether plausible explanation of the origin of the almost 
interminably variable series of specimens which have found their way into the “ waste-basket” labelled “H. 
leucobronchialia,” 
