508 
(88.) 
NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 
uniform black or deep olive, 
strongly contrasted with 
yellow of adjacent parts. 
m'. Upper parts with more or 
less of black (in adult 
male entirely black); 
breast and belly pure 
white ; scapulars black 
or ash-gray. Adult 
male: Above black, the 
feathers of back usually 
edged with olive-green. 
Adult female not seen, 
and has not been de- 
scribed; but probably 
much like the male, 
with greater admix- 
ture of olive-green on 
upper parts and with 
black of throat more 
or less broken by ad- 
mixture of yellow. 
Young in first autumn: 
Above olive-green, 
slightly mixed with 
blackish; scapulars and 
upper tail-coverts ash- 
gray, the latter with 
black centres; chin 
whitish; upper throat 
yellow, lower throat 
and chest grayish white 
superficially, but black 
beneath surface. 
Length about 450- 
5.20, wing 2.50, tail 
2.05-2.20. West usually 
in red cedar trees, 10- 
20 feet up, composed of 
strips of inner bark of 
red cedar, fastened to- 
gether with spiders’ 
webs, lined with hair 
and feathers; placed 
between upright 
