SETOPHAGA. 529 
Genus SETOPHAGA Swainson. (Page 483, pl. CVIIL, figs. 1, 2.) 
Species. 
Common Cuaracrers.—Adult males (sometimes females also) with plumage 
mainly red and black, or red and plumbeous. 
a’. Belly white; basal portion of secondaries and quills and basal half (or more) ot 
tail-feathers (except middle), light salmon-red or orange-red in adult male, 
yellow in female and young male; sexes very unlike in coloration. 
Adult male: Uniform glossy black, relieved by light red basal portion of 
secondaries, quills, and tail-feathers, and sides of breast with a patch 
of the same (varying from rich orange-red to salmon-pink and orange. 
yellow); belly and lower tail-coverts white, the latter usually with 
blackish central spots. Adult female: Pattern of coloration as in male, 
but black replaced above by grayish olive, and on throat, etc., by grayish 
white; wing- and tail-markings and patches on sides of breast yellow. 
Young male: Similar to adult female, but browner above, the colored 
areas usually inclining more to orange or salmon-color; after first win- 
ter, the plumage interspersed with glossy black feathers. Length 4.75- 
5.75, wing 2.40-2.55, tail 2.30-2.45. Mest cup-shaped, compact, of plant- 
fibres, spiders’ webs, etc., usually saddled upon horizontal branch or in 
fork, 7-30 feet from ground. Hggs 3-5, .63 x 48, white, greenish white, 
or grayish white, speckled or spotted, chiefly round larger end, with 
brown and lilac. Hab. Hastern North America, west to, and including, 
Rocky Mountains, north to British Columbia and Fort Simpson ; in winter, 
West Indies, eastern Mexico, Central America, and south to Ecuador; 
accidental in California... 687. S. ruticilla (Linn.). American Redstart. 
a?, Belly red (in both sexes); wings and tail without red or yellow markings, but 
outer feathers of latter white; sexes alike in coloration. 
b. Adult: Head, neck, chest, sides, and upper parts glossy blue-black, the 
wing with a large white patch, covering greater and middle coverts 
and edges of tertials; no chestnut or rufous on top of head ; breast and 
belly rich carmine-red; lower eyelid and under tail-coverts pure white. 
Young: Above dull black, with white markings as in adult; beneath 
dull grayish dusky, sometimes of a more sooty cast, the breast and belly 
without any red. Length about 5.00-5.50, wing 2.70-2.82, tail 2.35- 
2.78. 
c. Third tail-feather with greater part of its outer web and a large portion 
of inner web (at end) white. Vest placed within cavities in banks, 
among rocks, ete. Eggs 3-4, .65 X .48, white, finely speckled with 
yeddish brown and lilac. Hab. Highlands of Mexico, north to 
southern Arizona and New Mexico (and Texas ?). 
688. S. picta Swains. Painted Redstart. 
@. Third tail-feather with outer web entirely black, and inner web with 
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