ANTHUS. 537 
tarsus .85-.90. Hab. Northern Europe and Asia in summer; 
in winter, northeastern Africa and greater part of southern 
Asia; occasional in Alaska, and accidental in Lower California. 
699. A. cervinus (PaLL.). Red-throated Pipit. 
c. Back and scapulars streaked with whitish (forming two or more nearly 
parallel stripes when feathers are properly arranged). 
Summer adult: Above light brown, everywhere streaked with 
black, the back with several longitudinal series of whitish 
streaks; middle wing-coverts blackish, abruptly tipped or bor- 
dered terminally with whitish; greater coverts more narrowly 
tipped with more brownish white, and edged with light brown; 
beneath whitish, more or less strongly tinged with buff on 
lower throat and chest, the latter, with sides and flanks, 
streaked with black; sides of throat usually without black 
streaks. Winter plumage similar, but browner above and more 
decidedly buffy beneath. Length (skins) about 5.50-6.00, wing 
3.20-3.50, tail 2.25-2.40, tarsus .95-1.00. Hab. Kamtschatka 
(including Commander Islands) and whole of Siberia in sum- 
mer; in winter, south to Philippines, Borneo, etc. 
A. gustavi Swing. Petchora Pipit.! 
a, Tarsus shorter than hind toe, with claw; inner web of outer tail-feather chiefly 
(sometimes entirely) white. Hggs .87 x .62, dull pale purplish buffy or dull 
buffy whitish, thickly speckled with dull purplish brown. (Subgenus Neo- 
corys SCLATER.) 
Adult in summer: Above broadly streaked with pale grayish buff and 
dusky ; wings dusky, with pale grayish buffy edgings; two outer tail- 
feathers chiefly white (the outermost sometimes entirely white); be- 
neath dull buffy white, more buffy across chest, where narrowly streaked 
with dusky; legs and feet very light-colored. Winter plumage much 
more decidedly buffy, both above and below, with dark streaks on chest 
broader and less sharply defined. Young: Above brownish buff, broadly 
streaked with black, the feathers of back and scapulars narrowly mar- | 
gined terminally with buffy or whitish; chin, throat, and sides of neck 
whitish, the last, and also lower throat, streaked with dusky; rest of 
lower parts light buff, growing gradually paler posteriorly, the chest 
and sides of breast streaked with black. Length 5.75-7.00, wing 3.20- 
3.40, tail 2.35-2.60, tarsus .90. Hab. Interior plains of North America, 
breeding from central Dakota north to the Saskatchewan ; south, in 
winter, over southern plains to southern Mexico (Puebla). 
700. A. spragueii (Aup.). Sprague’s Pipit. 
1 Anthus gustavi Swinu., P. Z. 8. 1863, 90. 
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