PARUS. 563 
é. Wing less than .20 longer than tail—usually shorter than tail; 
tertials and greater wing-coverts with distinct whitish 
edgings; black of throat more or less broken posteriorly 
by whitish tips to the feathers. 
J’. Wing and tail about equal in length (the latter sometimes 
a little shorter); colors darker, without white termi- 
nal margins +o tail-feathers. 
g. Larger, and lighter colored ; back olive-grayish, some- 
times tinged with pale buffy; sides light buffy 
(nearly white in summer); length 4.70-5.75, wing 
2.55-2.75 (2:63), tail 2.50-2.70 (2.63), tarsus .65- 
70 (69). Eggs .60 xX 47. Hab. Eastern North 
America, chiefly north of 40°, west to edge of 
Great Plains. 
735. P. atricapillus Linn. Chickadee. 
g’. Smaller and darker colored ; back dark grayish ; sides 
and flanks deep fulvous, or light buffy brownish, 
in marked contrast with white of breast and 
belly; length 4.50-5.25, wing 2.35-2.60 (2.45), tail 
2.30-2.55 (2.44), tarsus .68-.72 (.70). Hab. North- 
western coast district of United States (northern 
California, Oregon, and Washington Territory ; 
also British Columbia and southern Alaska ?). 
7350. P. atricapillus occidentalis (Barn). 
Oregon Chickadee. 
f'. Tail decidedly longer than wing; colors paler, the tail- 
feathers usually with distinct white terminal margins, 
the tertials and greater wing-coverts very broadly 
edged with white. 
Above pure ash-gray; sides and fianks pale buffy, 
sometimes nearly pure white ; length about 4.75- 
6.00, wing 2.55-2.80 (2.72), tail 2.55-3.00 (2.83), 
tarsus .65-.75 (.70). Hggs .61 x 47. Hab. Rocky 
Mountain district, from New Mexico to Alaska 
(Yukon Valley, Kadiak, etc.), west to edge of 
Great Basin, east nearly across Great Plains. 
735a. P. atricapillus septentrionalis 
(Harris). Long-tailed Chickadee. 
b%. Top of head brownish ; chin and throat brownish or dusky. 
c. Back hair-brown or grayish brown. 
d@. Whole side of neck, ear-coverts, etc., pure white ; tertials distinctly 
edged with whitish; sides and flanks light buffy. 
Top of head light hair-brown or soft light grayish brown ; 
chin and throat deep brownish slate; length about 5.20- 
5.60, wing 2.60-2.80 (2.72), tail 2.70-2.80 (2.76), tarsus .62- 
