ANGIOSPERM& 185 
complicated, is found in a number of aquatic forms 
allied to Naias, and also occurs in some of the terrestrial 
types among the aroids. In the latter (Fig. 45, A—-C), 
while the individual flowers are often of the simplest 
Fic. 45 (Lower Monocotyledons).— A, female inflorescence of the Indian 
turnip (Arisema), the enveloping bract cut away at the base to show 
the inconspicuous flowers, f1; B, a single flower cut longitudinally to 
show the ovules, 0; st, the papillate stigma; C,a group of male flowers, 
each consisting of four stamens; D, two plants of duckweed (Lemna), 
a minute floating aroid ; fl, the inflorescence consisting of two male and 
one female flower ; E, the female flower cut longitudinally; F, the male 
flower, consisting of a single stamen ; G, longitudinal section of the em- 
bryo of Naias, showing the characters of the typical monocotyledonous 
embryo; the cotyledon is terminal, and the stem-apex, st, of lateral 
origin; 7, the root; sus, suspensor; H, male flower of arrow-head 
(Sagittaria), consisting of a group of stamens surrounded by three 
white petals, p, and three sepals, s; I, section through the head of 
separate carpels, car, from the female flower; J, inflorescence (spike- 
let) of a grass (Dactylis) ; the lowest flower has the three stamens, and 
the two feathery stigmas protruding ; K, a separate flower of Dactylis, 
consisting of a single carpel and three stamens in the axil of the bract, 
p; at the base of the carpel are the two small bracts (lodicules), 2. 
description, they are usually aggregated to form a com- 
pact, elongated inflorescence, the spadix, which may 
reach a large size and be very conspicuous, especially 
when, as often happens, it is surrounded by a showy 
bract, as in the common “calla lily” or some species of 
