DICOTYLEDONS 209 
which also arise from the apex of the axis, which here 
forms the placenta (Fig. 49, H). The lower Centro- 
sperme have small, inconspicuous flowers which are 
principally self-fertilized; but some of the higher ones, 
eg. the pink family, often exhibit very showy flowers 
which depend upon insect aid. In these more special- 
ized types the calyx is usually cup-shaped or tubular 
instead of being composed of completely separate sepals 
(Fig. 49, G). Somewhat higher is a second order 
(Cruciflore), including the Cruciferee (mustard family) 
and poppies (Papaveracez). In these the carpels are 
usually of definite number and united into a compound 
pistil. The former family is one of the most clearly 
defined of all the Angiosperms, having always the same 
number of parts in the flower, 7.e. four sepals and petals, 
six stamens, and two carpels (Fig. 51, A,B). The 
poppies are more variable in the number of parts in the 
flower, and must be considered as a more generalized 
family than the Crucifere, and more nearly related to 
the Polycarpice. 
The sundews and pitcher-plants (Fig. 58) represent 
the order Oistiflore, and are distinguished by perfectly 
symmetrical flowers, but are of most interest on account 
of their extraordinarily modified leaves, which form very 
efficient insect-traps. The violets, which also belong to 
the Cistiflorz, are characterized by their showy, strongly 
zygomorphic flowers. 
Under the name Eucycle have been included a large 
number of families grouped into four orders, charac- 
terized by usually symmetrical flowers whose parts are 
in fives. Among these may be mentioned the vines 
(Vitacee), maples (Aceracee), geraniums (Gerania- 
P 
