INDEX 
Duckweed (Lemna), 182, 185, 187, 
Fig. 45. 
E 
Eagle-fern (see Pteris aquilina). 
Earth-star (Geaster), 94, Fig. 25. 
Eastern Asia, 232, 233, 235. 
Eastern America, 232, 233, 235. 
Ectocarpus, 67, 68; E. granulosus, 
67, Fig. 16; £. siliculosus, 67, 
Fig. 16. 
Eel-grass (Vallisneria) , 22. 
Egg, egg-cell, 27, 39, 41, 53, 54, 58, 
63, 69, 74, 102, 103, 108, 109, 128, 
129, 130, 165, 171, 179, 181; Chara, 
63; Conifers, 171; Ferns, 129; 
Fucus, 69; Red Alge, 74; Riccia, 
103; Vaucheria, 58. 
Egg apparatus, 179, 180, 181, 202, 
Fig. 44. 
Elater, 29, 109, 111, 140, 142, Figs. 
28, 36. 
Electricity, 24. 
Elm, 237, 238. 
Embryo, 15, 109, 116, 129, 1380, 131, 
187, 140, 144, 145, 158, 159, 170, 171, 
172, 182, 183, 184, 185, 200, 203, 217; 
Conifers, 170, 171, 172; Dicotyle- 
dons, 200; Equisetum, 140; Ferns, 
129, 130 ; Lycopods, 144, 145 ; Mono- 
cotyledons, 185, Figs. 28, 33, 45, 
48. 
Embryo-sac, 145, 159, 165, 178, 179, 
180, Figs. 43, 44, 
Endosperm, 150, 152, 165, 171, 172, 
179, 180. 
Energid, 4. 
Entomophily (see “‘ Insects ’’). 
Entomophthoracez (see also “ In- 
sect-fungi ’’), 86. 
Environment (effect of), 262. 
Eopteris, 223. 
Ephedra, 173. 
Epidermis, epidermal tissues, 21, 
124, 141, 267. 
Epiphytes, 194, 195, 275, 276, 277, 297. 
Equisetinez (see also ‘‘ Horse-tail’’), 
305 
157, 224, fossil E., 143, 154; hete- 
rospory, 155. 
Equisetum (see also ‘ Horse-tail,’”’ 
‘*Scouring-rush’’), 139, 140, 141, 
142, 143, 144, 146, 161, 168, 224; 
fossil, 142, 224; structure, 139, 140, 
141, 142; £. maximum, 140, Fig. 
36; E. pratense, 140, Fig. 36. 
Ergot (Claviceps purpurea), 93. 
Erodium (see also “‘ Alfilaria ’’), 250, 
Fig. 56. 
Erythronium, 189, Fig. 46. 
Eschscholtzia, 240. 
Essential oils, 260. 
Eucalyptus, 274, 275. 
Eucycle, 209. 
Euphorbia, Euphorbiacee, 210. 
Eurotium, 92. 
Eusporangiatez, 127, 128, 133, 134, 
135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 144, 149, 151, 
154, 155, 156, 157, 223, 224; embryo 
of, 130; fossil E., 158, Fig. 34. 
Evening primrose (Cnothera), 211, 
238. 
Evergreens, 166. 
Exogens (see ‘‘ Dicotyledons’’). 
Eye-spot, 39, 50, 52. 
F 
Fan-palm, 187. 
Ferns (see also ‘‘ Pteridophytes,’” 
“ Filicinew ’’), 15, 16, 27, 28, 29, 55, 
102, 112, 116, 121, 123, 126, 128, 129, 
130, 131, 1382, 133, 134, 135, 186, 137, 
138, 139, 140, 146, 148, 149, 153, 154, 
155, 156, 157, 162, 163, 164, 166, 167, 
196, 201, 220, 223, 224, 267, 273, 275, 
276, 285; embryo of, 129, 130; fossil 
F., 154, 220, 223, 224; gametophyte 
of, 125, 126, 127; heterospory, 148, 
149, 150; sporophyte, 122, 123. 
Fertilization, 41, 54, 58, 60, 63, 70, 
74, 75, 83, 85, 91, 103, 104, 108, 119, 
128, 160, 163, 164, 169, 170, 181, 203, 
266, in Archegoniates, 103, 104; in 
Ascomycetes, 91; in Characes, 63, 
128, 139, 140, 143, 147, 153, 154, 155, 
x 
in Conifers, 169, 170; in Cycads, 
