806 
164; in Cystopus, 85; in Gidogo- 
nium, 53, 54; in Pheophycee, 70; 
in Rhodophycee, 74, 75; in Sapro- 
legnia, 83; in Spermatophytes, 
160; in Vaucheria, 58. 
Fig (Ficus), 182. 
Figworts (Scrophulariacez), 
218, 219. 
Filices, 136. 
Filicineze (see also ‘‘ Ferns ’’), 157. 
Filmy ferns (see also ‘“‘ Hymenophyl- 
lacez), 126, 127, 131, 135, 151, 276, 
Fig. 35. 
Fimbriaria Californica, 103, Fig. 
26 
214, 
Fir, 169, 227, 230, 245. 
Fish, 259. 
Fission, 7, 25, 35, 36, 65, 285. 
Fission plants (Schizophyta), 34. 
Fission algw (see ‘‘ Schizophycez,”’ 
“ Cyanophycez’’). 
Flagellate Infusoria, Flagellata, 33, 
38, 45, 64, 76, 284, 288. 
Floats (of kelps), 68, 69, Figs. 17, 
18. 
Floral axis, 182, 208, 209, 211. 
Floral envelope (see also ‘ Peri- 
anth’’), 178, 
Floral leaves, 161, 245. 
Florida, 162. 
Flower, 10, 14, 160, 161, 165, 168, 170, 
_ 174, 177, 178, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 
187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 
195, 196, 197, 202, 206, 207, 208, 209, 
210, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216; of 
| Angiosperms, Figs. 43, 44, 45, 46, 
47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53; of Coni- 
fers, 165, 170, Figs. 41, 42; of 
Cycads, 162, 163, Fig. 40. 
Flowering plants (see also ‘Seed 
Plants,” ‘‘Spermatophytes”’), 9, 
16, 19, 21, 28, 29, 62, 137, 141, 142, 
144, 145, 150, 152, 155, 158, 161, 275, 
276, 288, 293, 298. 
Food of plants, 19, 171, 192, 217, 262. 
Foot (of embryo), 109, 111, 120, 129, 
130. 
Forests, 238, 240, 241, 276, 277. 
Fossil plants, 13, 14, 66, 72, 138, 142, 
INDEX 
143, 147, 154, 155, 165, 173, 174, 
175, 217, 220, 221, 222, 293, 294, 295, 
226, 227, 228, 229; Alge, 72, 221, 
222; Conifers, 173, 174, 226, 227, 
228; Cycads, 165, 226; Diatoms, 
66, 222; Dicotyledons, 217, 227; 
Equisetines, 142, 143, 147, 155, 294, 
225; Ferns, 154, 220, 223, 294; 
Fungi, 222; Gingko, 166, 226, 227; 
Lycopods, 147, 154, 155, 225, 226; 
Mosses, 223. 
Fossombronia longiseta, 109, Fig. 
28. 
Foxglove (Digitalis), 253. 
Fox-grape (Vitis labrusca), 237. 
Fragmentation of nucleus, 62. 
Fresh-water algz, 264, 265, 287, 289. 
Fritillaria, 239. 
Fruit, 29, 165, 181, 182, 183, 202, 211, 
216, 243. 
Fucacer, 69, Fig. 18. 
Fuchsia, 210, 211, 249, Fig. 51. 
Fucus, 69; F. vesiculosus, 69, Fig. 
18. 
Funaria, 114, 117, Figs. 29, 30. 
Fungi, 11, 16, 28, 33, 48, 73, 80, $1, 
82, 83, 84, 86, 87, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 
96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 181, 222, 242, 
279, 288, 297; alga F’. (see ‘‘ Phyco- 
mycetes’’); insect F’. (see ‘‘Insect- 
fungi’”’); fossil F., 222; true F. 
(see ‘“‘ Mycomycetes ’’). 
G 
Gamete, 26, 39, 44, 52, 53, 58, 67, 
285, 287; Confervacew, 52, 53; 
Pheophycez, 67, 70; Protococca- 
cee, 44; Siphonez, 58; Volvoca- 
cee, 39. 
Gametophore, 114. 
Gametophyte, 55, 105, 106, 110, 111, 
112, 113, 114, 115, 118, 122, 123, 126, 
127, 128, 129, 131, 137, 139, 144, 145, 
147, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 156, 158, 
159, 160, 163, 165, 168, 169, 171, 178, 
180, 182, 188, 290, 291, 292, 298; 
Angiosperms, 178, 179; Anthoce- 
