296 BIOLOGICAL AND SANITARY MATTERS. 



can be found. The site chosen should be removed from inhabited 

 parts as far as possible, and should be provided with a plentiful 

 [and pure] water supply. 



2. That greater care be expended on the personal cleanliness 

 of the cows. The only too familiar picture of the animal's hind- 

 quarters, flanks, and sides being thickly plastered with mud and 

 faeces is one that should be common no longer. 



3. That the hands of the milker be thoroughly washed before 

 the operation of milking is commenced, and that, after being 

 once washed, they be not again employed in handling the cow 

 otherwise than in the necessary operation of milking. Any 

 such handling should be succeeded by another washing in fresh 

 water before again commencing to milk. 



4. That all milk-vendors' shops should be kept far cleaner 

 than is often the case at present. That all milk-retailing shops 

 should be compelled to provide proper storage accommodation, 

 and that the counters, etc., should be tiled. 



With reference to the last recommendation, it may be men- 

 tioned that the regulations of the London County Council provide 

 that all places where milk is stored shall have an impervious 

 floor, and the walls shall be tiled or cemented for a height of 

 6 feet from the floor. 



The following additional recommendations are chiefly taken 

 from the system adopted by the Aylesbury Dairy Company : — 



1. The cows should be systematically examined by veterinary 

 surgeons ; and those in ill-health removed, and their milk not 

 utilised. 



2. The sanitary arrangements of the dairy and health of the 

 employes should be systematically examined by a medical oflicer, 

 who shall be empowered to insist on all unsatisfactory arrange- 

 ments being instantly remedied, and, in default of this, should 

 have the power to stop the milk supply. 



3. To ensure the proper carrying out of these regulations, 

 guarantees should be given that no financial loss should result 

 from suspension of the milk supply owing to infectious disease, 

 while very heavy penalties should be imposed for contravention 

 of sanitary regulations. 



4. All water used for cleansing dau-y utensils should be pre- 

 viously boiled, to destroy disease germs if accidentally present ; 

 and, if possible, the vessels themselves should be steamed. 



If the only available water supply be not above suspicion, an 

 immunity from the consequences of its use may be attained by 

 filtration through a Pasteur-Cham berland filter. This consists 

 of one or more tubes of unglazed porcelain of a special quality, 

 through which water will pass, but which keeps back micro- 

 organisms. It has been found that in course of time that certain 



