SEMNOPITHECUS. 29 



proportions are alike, and because the distribution of the hair on the head is the 

 same in both. It would seem to be only a persistent condition of the colour 

 characters of youth, the fur, instead of changing to black, becoming a deeper tint of 

 the colour distinctive of the animal at birth. It has not been satisfactorily estab- 

 lished that this rufous variation is solely characteristic of the female, as has been 

 suggested by some authors. Whatever may be the true nature of this remarkable 

 variation or persistence of the youthful type, it is not at all a common circumstance, 

 and such individuals are highly prized in Java. 



One of the leading features of the skull as compared with the skulls of the other 

 species of Semnopitheci is the narrowness of the external nasal orifice and the 

 little marked concavity that exists between the extremity of the nasals and the 

 premaxillaries. The latter bones are somewhat contracted over the root of the second 

 incisor, so that if the line of their suture with the maxillary at that point were pro- 

 duced downwards, it would cut through the middle of that tooth. Such being the 

 limited character of the premaxillaries at that part, they suddenly expand between 

 the roots of the second incisor and the canine. The orbits are small compared with 

 the skulls of such forms as S. melalophus, and their greatest diameter is oblique, 

 passing downwards and outwards from the nasal process of the frontal to the lower 

 third of the orbital surface of the malars. The frontal is full and arched, and the 

 interorbital septum is of moderate breadth and length. The inferior margin of the 

 nasals is but little above the lower margin of the orbits, which is very different 

 from what is the case in S. femoralis, in which the orbits are very large with 

 the lower or free margins of the nasals only a little below the level of their 

 centres. Associated with this character is a more forwardly projected muzzle with 

 the front border of the nasals nearly in the same plane as the dental portion of the 

 premaxillaries. 



Habitat. — Malayan peninsula, Sumatra, neighbouring islands and Java. 



SEMNOPITHECUS CRISTATUS, Eafflcs. 



Simla cristatus, Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. vol. xiii. 1823, p. 245. 



Semnopiihecus pruinoms, Desmarest, Mamm. 1820, Suppl. p. 333; Desmoulins, Diet. Class. d'Hist. 



Nat. vol. vii. 1825, p. 569 ; Griffith, An. King. vol. v. 1827, p. 10 ; Lesson, Man. de Mamm. 



1827, p. 41 ; Is. Geoff. St.-Hil. Zool. du Voy. de Belanger, 1834, p. 4 ; Waterhouse, Cat. Zool. 



Soc. Mus. Lond. 1838, 2nd ed. p. 5 ; Wagner, Sehreber, Saugeth. Suppl. vol. i. 1840, p. 92 ; Ibid, 



vol. V. Suppl. 1855, p. 24 ; Lesson, Sp. des Mammif. 1840, p. 62 ; Gervais, Hist. Nat. des 



Mammif. 1854, p. 62 (fig. head). 

 Setnnopithecus mitratus, Cuv. Reg. Animal, 1829, nouv. ed. vol. i. p. 4 (in part). 

 Semnopithecus maurus, Fischer, Syn. Mamm. 1829, p. 15 (in part). 

 SemnopUhecus cristatus, Miiller, Tijdschr. voor Natuur. Gesch. en. Phys. vol. ii. 1835, pp. 316, 328; 



Schlegel,EssaisurlaEhys. des Serpens, Pt. Gen. 1837, p. 237 ; Martin, Charlesworth's Mag. Nat. 



Hist, new ser. vol. ii. 1838, p. 435 ; Nat. Hist. Quadr. 1841, p. 476 ; Gray, Hand-list Mamm. 



B.M. 1843, p. 3; Muller und Schlegel, Verhandl. 1839-44, pp. 61, 77, tab. 12, fig. 1 (young) ; 



Sehinz, Syn. Mamm. vol. i. 1844, p. 39; Cantor, Joum. As. Soc. vol. xvi. 1846, p. 175; Is. 



Geoff. St.-Hil. Cat. Method, des Mammif. 1851, p. 11; Horsfield, Cat. Mamm. E. Ind. Co. 



