SEMNOPITHECUS. 33 



to seasonal changes, but, as I have ah'eady remarked, these suppositions are purely- 

 conjectural. Martin referred the S. pyrrlius, Horsfield, to this species, but the 

 general characters of the animal and nature of its crest, and the locality, Java, 

 from whence it vras obtained, appear to me clearly to indicate it as a variety of 

 ^S". maurus. 



SEMNOPITHECUS RUBICUNDTJS, MtiUer. 



Semnopithecus rubicundus , Miiller, Tijdsch. voor Natuur. Gesch. vol. v. pts. 1 and 11, 1838, p. 137 

 (Plate); Martin, Nat. Hist. Quadr. 184.1, p. 473 ; Muller und ScUegel, Verhandl. 1839-44, pp. 61, 

 69, Tab. 9, figs. 1 & 2 ; figs. 3 & 4 (skull), tab. 11, fig. 1 (juv.) ; Schinz, Syn. Mamm. vol. i. 

 1844, p. 36 ; Is. Geoff. St.-Hil. Cat. M<^thod des Mammif. 1851, p. 16 ; Gervais, Hist. Nat. des 

 Mammif. 1854, p. 63 (fig. head) ; Wagner, Schreber, Saugeth. Suppl. vol. v. 1855, p. 22 ; 

 Beyrich, Abbandl. der Berl. Abad. derWiss. 1860, p. 7 ; Gray, Cat. Monkeys and Lemurs, 1870, 

 p. 17 ; Blytbj Joui-n. As. Soc. Bengal, vol. xliv. 1875, ex. no. p. 11. 



In the type of this species, all the animal is deep maroon-red, with the exception 

 of the hands and feet, which are sullied with blackish. The hair on the frontal 

 region is markedly radiated in all directions, that in front overshadowing the eyes, 

 the eyebrows in the adults, wanting the remarkably long bristles which occur in 

 them in the young. The hair on the vertex is laterally compressed, long, semi-erect, 

 being thrown somewhat backwards and tending to become recumbent. Whiskers 

 but little developed. Eace and ears bluish black; lips dull, flesh-coloured. Nose 

 depressed and slightly wrinkled. Tail concolorous with body, or darker, and tufted. 

 Hair on sides of body rather long. Under parts slightly paler than the upper 

 surface. 



In the young, the general colour of the upper parts is pui"plish-red or brown, 

 paler on the back, where it is mixed with yellowish hair, and still lighter on the head ; 

 the remaining parts being yellowish grey or white, except the tail, which is rather 

 darker than the back. 



Ft. In. 

 Length of body to vent ......... 2 0-00 



of tail 2 5-75 



The leading features of this species are its rich dark maroon colour, radiating 

 hair on forehead, and compressed, semi-erect crest tending to become recumbent. It 

 is the only known member of the genus with radiating hair on the forehead, but in 

 other respects it has a marked general resemblance to the Bornean Semnopitheci, 

 which have been described under the names of S. melalophus and iS. flavimanus, 

 of which Miiller and Schlegel considered it to be the representative in Borneo. 

 These zoologists have also directed attention to certain details in which the skulls of 

 these supposed species resemble each other, more particularly to the forward bulging 

 of their interorbital portion. But while these resemblances exist there are so 

 manv other points of difference between these Bornean and Sumatran monkeys as do 

 not justify their being regarded even in the light of varieties of a common species. 



S. rubicundus has been found hitherto only in Borneo. 



E 



