MACACUS. 51 



There can be no doubt that while the drawinoj of M. speciostis is not a good 

 representation of the Japan monkey, it is so of the form from Cachar and the 

 Kakhyen hills on the frontier of Yunnan ; and as M. arctoides, which I hold to be 

 the adult, is from Cochin China, if my hypothesis of the origin of the type of 

 M. speciosus is rejected, there is the further alternative, as suggested by Temminck, 

 that it may have come from some Javan port. If so, the probability would appear 

 to be that it was carried to Java by one of the trading vessels between that island 

 and Cochin China, and not from Japan. 



Some doubts regarding the identity of the Japan ape with M. speciosus seem, 

 moreover, to have existed in the minds of the Leyden naturalists, as the former 

 stood for some time in the Leyden Museum under the name of M. ftiscatus, the term 

 which Blyth. has proposed should be applied to it ; for there can be no doubt that it 

 is quite distinct from its southern representative, to which the term M. speciosus 

 would appear to be applicable. The dijfferences which subsist between the two 

 forms are not merely those which I have indicated, but there are other details of a 

 more specific character, such as in the form of the skull, proportions of the limbs, 

 and structure of the generative organs of the male, which separate the one from 

 the other, although at the same time there can be no doubt that they are closely 

 allied. 



I have adopted the term M. arctoides in preference to M speciosus, because 

 the type of the former exists in the Paris Museum, whereas the latter solely rests 

 on a drawing by Duvaucel reproduced by F. Cuvier. By relegating the term 

 M. speciosus to the rank of a synonym of M. arctoides, and by applying the term 

 fuscatus to the Japanese ape, an element of confusion is for ever removed. 



M. arctoides would appear to have a considerable range of distribution, in 

 which, however, it conforms to that which is distinctive of a large series of the 

 mammalian forms which occur in the same region. It has been obtained in Cachar, 

 and I have learned of its existence in Upper Assam, and have procured it alive in 

 the Kakhyen hills on the frontier of Yunnan, beyond which it spreads to the south- 

 east to Cochin China. It seems essentially to be a hill or mountain form — that is, 

 occurring only in the mountainous regions of Cachar, absent in the valley of the 

 Irawady, but stretching round it into Yunnan from Upper Assam, being doubtless 

 distributed over the mountainous region that intervenes between the Irawady and 

 Cochin China. 



A few parallels to the north of the most western portion of its distribution it is 

 represented by a closely allied species, the M. tibetanus, A. M. -Edwards, which is 

 even a larger and more powerful ape than M. arctoides, and clad with long and dense 

 fur, uniformly brown, the colour, texture, and length of its pelage being in keeping 

 with the more sombre and severe character of the climate of its area of distribution . 

 It is also closely affined to M. fuscatus, but its relationship is most evident in the 

 young state, when it presents a strong resemblance to that species, in this respect 

 conforming to what appears to be the case generally between the young of nearly 



