88 SIMIIDiE. 



Macacus sandi-johannis, Gray (in part), Cat. Monkeys and Lemurs, B. M. 1870, Ai^pendix, p. 129. 

 Macacus rhesus, Selater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, p. 232. 



Fur thick and dense, dark olive-green througliout, finely yellow-speckled; 

 no rufous on the hind quarters. Ears small and clad, a strong ruff-like beard. Tail 

 in adult about a foot long and well clad. 



This Macaque appears to be restricted to the Island of Formosa, where it 

 was discovered by Swinhoe. Its round, flat face, dark olive-green, uniformly 

 annulated fur, and the complete absence of any rufous tint on its hind quarters, 

 are the external characters which separate it from 31. rhesus and its near ally 

 M. lasiotis from the mainland of China, while, by these features, with the 

 exception of the last, it is distinguished from 31. assamensis, which, moreover, 

 unlike 31. cyclopis, has the shoulders suffused with yellowish. Tlie tail has much 

 the same proportions to the body as in 31. rhesus, but it is more bushy. It is 

 doubtful that the forehead is any more entitled to be called bare than is the forehead 

 of 31. rhesus, as it is clad to the supraorbital ridges, along which also occur a few 

 long black hairs, as in the rhesus group of 3Iucaques generally. Unlike 31. rhesus, 

 the hair behind the mouth, and below and behind the ears, is markedly annulated, 

 and there is a strong ruff-like beard, as in 31. assamensis. The ears are moderately 

 large, well clad and tufted. The fur generally is fine and dense, moderately 

 long, and not longer on the shoulders than on the rest of the body. 



Dr. Murie, in discussing the affinities of this form, has favoured the view that the 

 female, during the period of heat, is subject to a much greater tumidity and swell- 

 ing of the hinder parts than ever occurs in Jf. rhesus, but the description which he 

 has given of this curious phenomenon as it occurs in 31. cyclopis is no exaggerated 

 account of what I have observed in 3£. rhesus on a number of occasions in different 

 animals. In some of these, great tumour-like swellings had attained such 

 dimensions, and had so involved the whole of the sacral region, the upper portion of 

 the thighs, the base of the tail, and all the back parts of the limbs even 

 to near the heel, that the hinder quarters seemed so w^eighed down with the 

 burden as to give the animal a waddling gait. This monstrous developixient I have 

 observed both in animals in confinement in India and also among semi-ferine 

 monkeys living in colonies that had attached themselves to villages in the North- 

 West Provinces. In 31. rhesus there is no modification or particular adaptation 

 of the pelvis for the support of these temporary enlargements of the subcutaneous 

 tissues which invest it posteriorly in the female, but Dr. Murie holds that such an 

 adaptation of the pelvis does occur in Jf. cyclopis. The materials, however, from 

 which Dr. Murie's deduction is derived are not so reliable as could be wished, and he 

 mentions that the modifications which these pelves of 31. cyclopis manifest on the 

 ordinary type of the healtUy 31acaque pelvis might suggest the possibility that they 

 are the product of disease, and he states that the long bones of the male skeleton 

 are unusually porous, but that the female skeleton is solid, and does not exhibit any 

 signs of mollities ossium. But the very circumstance that it should have occurred 

 to Dr. Murie that his statements might be objected to on the ground that a softening 



