FELIS. 161 



has also been obtained at Amoy, Canton/ and Ningpo.^ The long-haired race 

 with the stripes fully marked is found in Manchuria, where, A. M.-Edwards^ states, it 

 is subject to considerable variation, as L'Abbe David had observed nearly brownish 

 black and nearly perfectly white individuals. Swinhoe* is not convinced of the 

 specific identity of these northern and southern types of the Chinese tiger, but 

 A. M. -Edwards'* states that the differences that exist between them are too sHght 

 to permit of their identity being doubted. He has compared a cast of the 

 skuU of the north China race with a skull from Siam, and has only been able to 

 detect a few insignificant variations. The wide distribution of the species has been 

 indicated by Blyth" and Swinhoe. 



In the Kakhyen hills, as in Assam, the tiger is killed with bamboo arrows 

 poisoned by the juice of a species of Aconite which is widely distributed over 

 the eastern Himalaya, Assam, and the Kakhyen hills, and which is well known to 

 the different hill tribes of these countries. 



* Eelis pardtjs, Linn. 



Felis panlus, Linii. Syst. Nat. 12th ed. 1766, vol. i. p. 61, et ibid. ISth ed. Gmelin, vol. i. 1788, 



p. 77; Brxleben, Syst. Eeg. Ann. 1777, p. 505; Schreber, Saugeth. vol. iii. 1778, p. 384, 



pi. xcix. ; Zimmermann, Geograph. Geseh. 1780, vol. ii. p. 261; Fischer, Syn. Mamm. 1829, 



p. 200 ; Temminck, Monogr. Mamm. vol. i. p. 99. 

 Felis leqpardus, Linn. Syst. Nat. Gmelin, 13th ed. 1788, vol. i. p. 77 ; Erxleben, Syst. Eeg. Ann. 



1777, p. 509; Schreber, Saugeth. vol. iii. 1778, p. 387, pi. ci. ; Zimmermann, Geograph. 



Gesch. vol. ii. 1780, p. 263 ; Pischer, Syn. Mamm. 1829, p. 199; Temminck, Monogr. Mamm. 



1827, vol. i. p. 92. 

 Felis panikera, Erxleben, Syst. Reg. Ann. 1777, p. 508; Pallas, Geograph. Rosso- Asia, vol. i. 



1831, p. 18. 

 Leopardiws pardus, Gray, Proc. Zool. See, 1867, p. 263; Cat. Carniv. &c. Brit. Mus. 1869, p. 10. 

 Felis melas (Peron), Desmarest. Nouv. Diet, d' Hist. Nat. vol. vi. 1816, p. 104 ; Mamm. 1820, p. 223. 



The leopard is not uncommon on the hUls along the Sanda valley, whence 

 1 obtained a young specimen in the flesh and many skins. I also observed it in 

 the neighbourhood of old water-courses behind Tamelone on the Tapeng river in 

 Upper Burma. 



Swinhoe distinguishes two races of leopard in China; the southern form, 

 by its shorter hair and more regular markings, conforming to the Indian 

 leopards ; and the northern, by its long shaggy hair and the greater amount of white 

 about it, by the confused massing together of the black spots and circles on its 

 body and tail, and by a paler colour, differing considerably from the former. He 

 is inclined to regard them as distinct species, and the latter, which is found in 

 the neighbourhood of Pekin and in the north of China generally, and Manchuria, 

 he considers to be identical with the Felis japanensis, Gray, ' which species was 



1 Proc. Zool. Soc. 1870, pp. 3 and 4. * Proc. Zool. Soc. 1870, p. 3. 



f Ibid. 1872, p. 817. = L. c. 



' Eech. Mamm. p. 207. « Proc. Zool. Soc. 1863, p. 182. 



' Proc. Zool. Soc. Lend. 1867, p. 264, et Cat. Carniv. etc. B. M. 1869, p. 11, et A. M.-Edwards, Eech. Mammif. 

 1868-74, p. 211. 



W 



