CHELONIA. 759 



laryngeal orifice, passing forwards and downwards into the furrow, is opposite the 

 longitudinal lingual fold. One-half of the orifice thus looks forwards, and the half 

 posterior to it upwards. Besides its fine thickened border, the posterior half of the 

 orifice has a rounded ridge of mucous membrane on either side, as in ^. thurgi ; the 

 two, being in contact behind and anteriorly divergent, form a triangle with the base 

 anteriorly. The anterior fourth of the oesophagus, from behind the larynx, is very 

 smooth, although a few minute papillae may be detected ; but behind this a few 

 large papillae appear arranged more or less in longitudinal lines, and increase in 

 numbers as they are traced backwards, becoming more villous and more numerous, 

 suddenly ceasing on the latter portion of the oesophagus where they are thrown 

 into very fine free folds, and in this respect it also resembles B. tlmrgi. The 

 stomach is partially overlapped by the ventral portion of the right hepatic lobe ; 

 but much less so by the dorsal portion. The stomach contracts much towards the 

 pylorus, the duodenum presenting a dilatation immediately behind the pylorus. The 

 stomach, in an adult female, measured six inches, the small intestine 31 inches, and 

 the large intestine 14 inches. The gall duct opened four inches from the pylorus. 



The first two inches of the duodenum have the mucous coat thrown into fine 

 anastomosing lamellar-like folds, containing finer folds within them ; but the portion 

 intervening between this and the orifice of the gall duct has the folds more longitu- 

 dinal and distinct, but before the latter orifice they are distiuct longitudinal lamellar 

 folds, with finer intervening folds extending over the whole length of the small 

 intestine. 



The large intestine commences by a sudden dilatation, which is more capacious 

 on one side than the other, indicating a caecum. The first six laches are doubled on 

 each other, as in Sardella. The inside of the large intestine is smooth, the folds 

 of the small intestine abruptly terminating at its commencement. 



The transverse connecting portion of the liver is much deeper from before back- 

 wards than in any other Batagur I have examined, and is transversely narrower. 

 The two veins from the right and left divisions are thus very near each other, and the 

 compact appearance of the gland is heightened by the absence of any of the long 

 processes or appendages that distinguish the liver of B. thurgi. The dorsal division 

 of the left lobe has its left border completely overlapping itself, and its right lower 

 border terminates in two short processes. The notch of the ligament is deep and 

 crescentic, and situated at the right extremity of the lower border of the ventral 

 division of this lobe. The lower border of the connecting lobe is notched in its 

 centre, and this, along with the notch of the ligament, and another notch where the 

 connecting lobe joins the right division of the gland, present two marginal processes 

 between the two lateral notches. At the commencement of the upper posterior 

 border of the right lobe there is a short process. The right and transverse lobes 

 are flat on their under surfaces, and the gaU bladder lies along the inner border of 

 the former lobe, close to the division between it and the latter. It is on the same 

 plane as the under surface, and does not project beyond the liver substance as in 

 other allied tortoises. 



