8b Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-18 



. Only three consecutive ranges were obtained, but the fourth could readily 

 be interpolated owing to the absence of diurnal inequality. The ranges observed 

 were from 1 • 13 to 1 • 67 feet; the mean of the four being 1 • 38 feet. The middle 

 of the period of the observations was just four days after the full moon, when 

 the height should be beginning to decrease after the Spring tides. But this 

 range probably represents the average Spring tides; as the date was not far 

 from perigee, which must have sohie effect in increasing the height. 



Third island. — This is a newly discovered island to the west of Findlay 

 island. The tide was observed at the shore camp, at the southwest end of the 

 island, which wa's thus near the open coast of the Arctic ocean. The observations 

 comprised thirty hours on August 14 and 15, 1916. Readings were taken on 

 a scale to the nearest quarter of an inch at intervaJls of ten minutes to one hour, 

 during this period. 



The astronomical conditions were as follows, the hours being in Standard 

 time for the 120th MeridiaB. West: Moon in perigee, August 12 at 1 h. Full 

 moon, August 13 at 4 h. Moon on equator, August 15 at 5 h. The tides were 

 thus the perigee Springs, without much diurnal inequality. 



The observations afforded four consecutive ranges which varied from 1 • 39 

 to 2-25 feet; the meain of the four being 1-88 feet. This is the Spring range 

 with the moon in perigee; which may account in part for its being so much larger 

 than at the other localities. 



Summary. — The results of the observations of 1916, in the more northern 

 regions, are summarized below. It is to be noted that the diurnal inequality 

 is eliminated from the values given; as they are derived in each case from the 

 average of four consecutive ranges, as already explained. 



Cape Isachsen — Range at Apogee Springs 0-57 foot. 



Hassel sound — Range after Springs near Perigee. . 1-38 feet. 

 Third island — Range at Perigee Springs 1-88 feet. 



These various ranges cannot well be brought to a common standard for 

 comparison, when there was no reference station in continuous operation in the 

 region. The influence of the moon's distance may be inferred, however, from 

 the proportionate ranges at perigee and apogee Springs, as determined from 

 five months observation at Winter harbour, Melville island, during the Bernier 

 expedition. The range of the tide there is 3j to 4^ feet. Good comparative 

 values shokv that the range at perigee Springs is 12 per cent greater, and at 

 apogee Springs 12 per cent less, than the mean Spring range. 



Tidal Streams. — These were observed at Cape Isachsen and in Hassel sound 

 during the one day at each place that tidal observations were obtained. At 

 Cape Isachsen, the current was NE. or NNE. during the rise of the tide, and 

 SSW. during the fall; and the turn in direction occurred about two hours after 

 high and low water. As this was at the Springs, when the currents would be 

 strongest, the relation thus indicated between the tide and the current would 

 appear to be trustworthy, although based on so short a period of observation. 

 In Hassel sound, there was less current and it was less regular in turning; but 

 the indications, so far as they go, are that the direction is southward during the 

 rise of the tide and northward during the fall. This would correspond with the 

 general progress of the tide from the open Arctic ocean, towards the straits 

 and sounds extending southeastward from EUef Ringnes land which adjoins 

 this sound. The direction of the current wa's not observed at Third island. 



CONCLTJSIONS AND BECOMMENDATIONS. 



Progress of the tide. — The direction in which the tide progresses in Beaufort 

 sea is, indicated by a comparison of the Establishments. The earliest on the 

 open shores of the sea, is Cape Kellett; and Demarcation point is earlier than 



