10b Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-18 



out of accord with their normal relation to the reference station. It_ is thus 

 evident that more reliable results for the range of the tide can be arrived at, 

 than local observations for a short time would afford without the means for 

 simultaneous comparisons. 



The only assumption in this procedure ie, that the tide is sufficiently similar 

 in type throughout the region that is under exploration to enable comparisons 

 for time and height to be made satisfactorily. Otherwise, the time-differences 

 and the ratios in height become variable during the course of the month. 



The Appendix. — The tables appended give a digest of the observations of 

 1914 and 1915, with the resulting ranges of the tide and the time values as far 

 as these are deducible. 



In the northern observations of 1916, the range of the tide as found from 

 readings on a scale during one day at each locality, has already been stated and 

 discussed. 



To complete the tidal information obtained by Canadian Arctic expeditions, 

 a synopsis of the tidal observations at the winter quarters of the Bernier expedi- 

 tion is included. This reduction of the observations as made by the Tidal Survey, 

 appeared originally in the "Cruise of the Arctic," published by the Marine and 

 Fisheries department in 1910. 



Ottawa, Canada, 



February 28, 1920. 



SUPPLEMENTARY NOTE. 



Since the above was in type, the time reductions for Armstrong point, in 

 Prince of Wales strait, were supplied by Mr. S. T. Storkerson of the Northern 

 party, which was two years later in returning. The errors are as follows: 

 Chronometer error in October and November, 1915, averages 3 h. 40 m. fast. 

 Watch used in tidal observations, 3 to 33^ hours fast on chronometer. Total 

 watch error, deduced from accurate rates and comparisons, 6 h. 31 m. to 

 7 h. 26 m. with re'setting of one hour. 



The errors, though so large, appear to be quite definite. The resulting 

 values of the Establishment at three Spring tides, obtained by plotting the 

 luiii-tidal intervals, are as follows: 1 h. 18 m., 1 h. 15 m. approximately, and 

 1 h. 13 m. Mean adopted, 1 h. 15 m. This value is much earlier relatively, 

 than at Bernard harbour, when the distance from the open sea is nearly the 

 same. 



Regarding the observations in Bernard harbour, it has now been ascertained 

 that there was a chronometer error of 11 minutes as well as the watch error 

 indicated in the original notes. This has enabled the value for the Establish- 

 ment as given in the tkbles to be finally corrected. Also, during the June 

 observations obtained with the registering gauge, the chronometer error on 

 local time was less than one minute; and if it is assumed that the registering 

 gauge was set with the chronometer, and further that the tide curves are 

 inverted, so that apparent low water represents high water, a result can be 

 obtained for the Establishment. This supposition is probable although there 

 is no explanation regarding it; because the tide gauge was set on floating ice, 

 and operated by a line anchored to the bottom. The value of the Establishment 

 thus obtained is 7 h. 11 m., which is reasonably close in the absence of any time 

 comparisons. It affords a valuable check on the result, as otherwise a comparison 

 of time which was carried over from Armstrong point, might leave it an open 

 question whether the same large chronometer error of 33/^ hours should not be 

 applied to the value at Bernard harbour. 



W. B. D. 



