196 



THE MILK QUESTION 



Authorities 



Tear 



Temperature 

 (°C.) 



Time 

 (minutes) 



Freeman ' . . . . 

 Freeman 2 . . . . 



Forster* 



Smith, Th.< . . . . 

 Oppenheimer' . . . 

 Hippius' . . . . 



Bitter' 



Hesse' 



Russell & Hastings ' . 

 Bosenau .... 



1898 

 1907 

 1892 

 1899 

 1899 

 1905 

 1890 

 1900 

 1900 



60 

 70 

 60 

 70 

 60 

 68-59 

 60 

 60 

 60 



30 

 40 

 5-10 

 20 

 30 

 60 

 30 

 15-30 

 20 

 30 



1 Freeman, Arch. Pediat., N. T. (1898). toI. 15, p. 5U. 



' Freeman, ./our. A. Med. Asm., vol. XLIX, Nov. 23, 1907, 21, p. 1740. 



s FotBtcr, Sj/sr. Rundschau, Berl. (1892), Tol. 2 (20), IS. Okt., p. 872. 



4 Smith, Th., J. Bxper. Med., N. Y. (1899), vol. 4, p. 233. 



fl Oppenheimer, Miinch. med. Wcknschr. (1899), vol. 46, p. 1462. 



6 fflppiuB, Jahrb.f. Kinderh. (1905), vol. 61, pp. 365-84. 



7 Bitter, Ztschr.f. Hyg., Leipz. (1890), vol. 8, p. 255. 

 » Hease, Ztschr.f. Hyg., Leipz. (1900), vol. 34ji. 347. 



» BuBsell and HaBtingB, 17 Ann. Sep., Agric. Ezper. St., Univ. Wit. (1900), p. 170. 



The new milk regulations of the Department of Health 

 of the city of New York regard only such milk or cream as 

 pasteurized that has been subjected to a process in which 

 the temperature and exposure conform to one of the fol- 

 lowing: — 



F. for at least 3 minutes 



F. 5 



F. 10 



F. 15 



F. 18 



F. 20 



No less than 158° 

 155" 

 152° 

 148° 

 145° 

 140° 



Rogers, Berg, and Davis' have recently made a series 

 of experiments to determine the temperature at which 

 cream should be pasteurized for butter-making. They 

 found that when the cream was pasteurized at 66° C. (150° 

 F.), and the butter made therefrom stored, such butter 

 deteriorated. This was not evident in butter from cream 

 pasteurized at a temperature of 71° C. (160° F.) or higher. 

 At 82° C. (180° F.) the flavor of the butter was affected 

 by the heat. They recommend, for the continuous pas- 



' United States Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Animal Indus- 

 try, Circular 189. 



