THE SELF-FEEDER 149 



bricks. This was done to keep the water from getting 

 underneath the pavement which, if allowed to enter, 

 would soften the subgrade or cause the heaving of the 

 bricks by alternate freezing and thawing. 



The cement filler was allowed to set a week before 

 heavy loads were driven on it, and as the work was 

 done in summer, the sun's rays were kept off by means 

 of a canvas for the first day. A retaining curb of 2 x 8 

 plank, braced by a 4 x 4, placed 2*^ feet in the ground, 

 was put in at the gates to keep the animals from break- 

 ing the edge of the brick. 



The writer has seen pavement thus constructed that 

 has been in use for nine years and is still in good 

 condition. 



THE SELF-FEEDER; HOW TO MAKE AND USE IT 



The self-feeder, or feeder as it is sometimes called, is 

 a feed box so arranged that it will hold a considerable 

 quantity of concentrated feed, a portion of which is ac- 

 cessible to the cattle at all times. 



No records are available touching upon the question 

 of when and with what class of live stock it was first 

 used. However, it is no new system of feeding for it 

 has been in use for a considerable number of years. 



The extent to which the self-feeder has been used has 

 varied much, its use in some localities being quite gen- 

 eral, and in others scarcely known at all. 



HOW TO MAKE A SELF-FEEDER 

 The plan and construction of the self-feeder will, of 

 course, depend largely upon the nature of the feed which 

 is to be fed through it to fattening cattle. In the corn- 

 belt, and in fact wherever beef cattle are extensively fed 

 in the United States, corn in some form is the principal 

 concentrate used. Corn has been successfully fed to 

 cattle in self-feeders in the following forms: broken 

 ear, shelled, crushed, corn and cob meal, and corn meal. 

 As indicated above, it is necessary to make minor alter- 



