184 BEEF PRODUCTION 



against mixing grain with skim-milk for calf feeding. 

 They should be fed separate as advised with the possible 

 exception of the small amount of flax meal mentioned. 

 One essential point in calf rearing is frequently over- 

 looked, namely, the supplying of an ample quantity of 

 fresh clean water within the reach of the calves at 

 all times. Some use a hog waterer for this purpose. 



The following from Professor Haecker of Minnesota 

 is well worth careful reading : 



' 'It has been the general opinion among farmers that 

 separator skim-milk was not a strong or nutritious feed 

 and that a large mess must be given to make up in quan- 

 tity what they supposed it lacked in quality, and the 

 result was that calves were overfed, and indigestion 

 would be produced, which was followed by scours and 

 bloat. 



"If directions are strictly followed, the calf will always 

 act more hungry after taking its meal than it did 

 before, but it is better thus than to give it a larger 

 mess and then have a case of scours or bloat on your 

 hands. Each calf should be fed by itself out of a clean 

 tin pail, which should be washed and scalded after 

 each feeding just as thoroughly and carefully as one 

 does the milk pails. Place the calves in small 

 stanchions while they are being fed, so they will not 

 get into the habit of sucking each other. Have the 

 little manger in front of them wide enough so an ordi- 

 nary tin pail, containing the mess of milk, can be set 

 into it. Have partitions placed in the manger, and 

 when it has taken the milk, take out the pail, and if 

 the calf is old enough to eat oats or bran, throw in 

 about a tablespoonful and it will soon get into the habit 

 of chewing the oats as soon as it has taken the milk. 

 For about that time it wants to do something, and 

 if it is not confined in a stanchion or tied out of reach 

 of another calf, it will amuse itself by sucking its neigh- 

 bor's ears. The bottom of the manger should be a 

 dressed board about ten inches wide, and should be so 



